
Class 

Book 



COPYRtGOT DEPOSIT 








Chicacio: 
poole bros., pkintkr? 

1 S90. 



f 



A HAND BOOK 

OF THE 

SOUTH 




Issued and Copyku;hted 

i/ BY THE 

Pennsvi.vama Lines West of Pittsburcjh. 



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\-ZI5 



The Information 

Contained in this Hand-Book has been collected 
for the Passenger Department of the Pennsyl- 
vania Lines West of Pittsburgh, from authentic 
sources, verified by personal observation and research 
and confirmed by persons thoroughly familiar with 
the cities and country described. The maps of the 
different cities have been prepared from recent and 
approved data and verified by the respective city 
engineers. The figures indicating population are, in 
round numbers, those of the United States Census 

for 1890. 

E. A. FORD, 

General Passenger Agent. 
PlTTSHUKGH, Pa., 

November ist, iSqo. 



NDEX. 



Map of the Pennsylvania System of Railways 6 

The Pennsylvania Lines in Relation to the South 8 

Map of the Pennsylvania Lines in connection with the Southern Railroads lo 

Train Schedules with Maps of Chicago and New York 72 

Representatives of the Passenger Department 83 

PAtiE. 

Aiken. S. C 38 

Alabama ^S 



Altamonte Springs, Fla — 5^ 

Anniston, Ala 58 

Asheville. N. C .V' 

Atlanta, Ga 2C) 

Map of .>o 

Augusta, Ga 31 

Bartow Junction, Fla 56 

Bay St. Louis, Miss 67 

Bessemer, Ala 59 

Biluxi, Miss ()s 

Birmingham, Ala ^i.) 

lirooksville, Fla 56 

Brunswick, Ga 31 

Camden. S. C 39 

Cedar Keys. Fla ^2 

Charleston, S. C 39 

Map of 40 

Chattahoochee. Fla 50 

Chattanooga, Tenn 23 

■■ Map of. . 22 

Cincinnati. 14 

.Map of If; 

Columbia, S. C 42 

Cumberland Falls, Ky 20 

Cumberland Island, Ga 29 

Daytona, Fla 57 

Decatur, Alu |;9 

DeFuniak Springs. Fla 49 

DeLand, F'.a ^3 

Enterprise, Fla 54 

Enterprise Junction, Fla. . . •14 

Eustis, Fla 56 

Fernandina, Fla 51 

Florida 43 

Fort Mason, F"la ^(i 

Fort Payne, Ala 59 

Gainesville, Fla 52 

Georgia 28 

(Jrccn Cove Springs, Fla 52 

Greenville, S. C 42 



PAGE. 

Hot Springs, N. C 37 

Huntsville, Ala 60 

Jackson, Miss 64 

Jacksonville, Fla 44 

" Map of 46 

Jekyl Island, Ga 2q 

Jupiter, Fla 54 

Kentucky 17 

Kissimmee, Fla ;6 

Knoxville, Tenn 23 

Lake City, Fla 51 

Lakeland, Fla 56 

Lake Worth, Fla 54 

Lane Park, Fla 56 

Leesburg, Fla ;6 

Lexington, Ky 20 

Louisville, Ky 17 

Map of 18 

Macon, Ga 32 

Madison, Fla 50 

Magnolia, Fla 52 

Maitland, Fla 55 

Mammoth Cave, Ky 19 

Marianna, Fla 50 

Marietta, Ga 32 

Melbourne, Fla ■;4 

Memphis, Tenn 25 

Map of 26 

Meridian, Miss 64 

Middlcsborough, Ky 20 

Mississippi 63 

Mississippi City, Miss 66 

Mobile, .Ma 61 

Map of 62 

Montgomery, .\la 60 

Monticello, Fla 50 

Nashville, Tenn 23 

" Map of. . . 24 

Natchez.. Miss 64 

New Orleans. La 68 

Map of 69 

New .Smyrna, Fla 54 

North Carolina 36 



PAGE. 

Ocala, Fla 52 

Ocean Springs. Miss 6^ 

Orange City Junction, Fla.. 53 

t)rlando, Fla 55 

Ormond, Fla 57 

Palatka. Fla 53 

Pass Christian. Miss 66 

Pemberton Ferry, Fla 56 

Pensacola, Fla 49 

Punta Gorda, Fla 56 

Quincy, Fla 50 

Raleigh, N. C 37 

River Junction, Fla ^o 

Rochelle. Fla 56 

Kockledge, F'la 54 

St. .\ugustine, Fla 4^ 

St. Simons Island, Ga 29 

Sanford, Fla 55 

Savannah, Ga 33 

Map of 34 

.Scranton, Miss 65 

Seville, Fla 5^ 

Sheffield, Ala 59 

Silver Spring, Fla 51 

.Somerset, Ky 20 

South Carolina t,S 

-Spartanburg, S. C 42 

.Summerville, S. C 41 

Tallahassee, Fla 50 

Tampa, Fla >6 

Tavares, Fla 52 

Tennessee 21 

Thomasville, Ga 35 

Titusville, Fla 54 

Vicksburg, Miss 64 

Wakulla, Fla vo 

Waldo, Fla 51 

Waveland, Miss 67 

Welborn, Fla 50 

Wilmington, N. C 37 

Winter I^ark, Fla 55 




The Pennsylvania ■ 
Connecting to and from the South throuc 




VI OF Railways 

jATEWAYS OF CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE. 



THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES IN RELATION 
TO THE SOUTH. 

Y REASON of their situation in the commercial and indus- 
trial center of the United States, the lines included in the 
Pennsylvania System of Railways form not only the shortest 
and most direct routes between the principal cities of the East 
and West, but are the preferable highways between the cities and 
towns that lie north of the Ohio River and the territory south 
thereof. It was by the managing ofificers of the Pennsylvania 
Lines that arrangements were first made for the conduct of 
through traf^fic between the North and the South. With the 
growth of this trafific their accommodations have improved, their 
relations with Southern railroads have become closer, and the 
knowledge that is gained by long experience enables their repre- 
sentatives to give thorough information regarding, and to make 
complete arrangements for, a journey either of individuals or 
parties. 

Trains of the Pennsylvania Lines running direct to Cincinnati 
and Louisville, connecting therein with through trains of the 
Southern railroads, give to residents of Chicago, Indianapolis, 
Columbus, Cleveland, Pittsburgh; of the intermediate towns and 
cities and the country contiguous thereto, as well as to inhab- 
itants of the North and Northwest, opportunity for a journey 
under the most favorable conditions to any business center, health 
or pleasure resort south of the Ohio River. During the winter, 
when the south-bound train-schedules are quickest, tourist tickets 
are sold to certain points at reduced rates, permitting an extended 
tour in the shortest time and at the least expense. 

Trains of the Pennsylvania Lines leaving Cincinnati and Louis- 
ville after the arrival of trains of the Southern railroads that 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 9 

lead from Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, the C.irolinas, 
Tennessee and Kentucky, offer to travelers from those States 
excellent facilities for reaching with tlie least delay and the great- 
est comfort the cities and towns of Ohio and Indiana, the lumber 
centers and summer resorts of the Michigan Peninsula, the cities 
of Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, the thriving towns 
and the beautiful lakes and dells of Wisconsin and Iowa. During 
the summer months excursion tickets are sold by the railway com- 
panies of the South to Northern resorts, over the Pennsylvania 
Lines via either Louisville or Cincinnati. 

Passengers from New Orleans, Mobile, Montgomery, .\tlanta, 
Chattanooga, Memphis, Nashville and the intervening cities and 
towns by taking express trains of the Louisville «& Nashville 
Railroad or the Oueen & Crescent Route will make immediate 
connection through Louisville or Cincinnati with the fast express 
trains of the Pennsylvania Lines for Pittsburgh. Harrisburg, Bal- 
timore, Washington, Philadelphia and New York. P>om Phila- 
delphia trains run at short intervals every day to Atlantic City, 
Cape May, Berkeley, Barnegat, Spring Lake, Asbury Park. Long 
Branch and the other well known resorts of the New Jersey coast. 
Through New York connection is made for all places in the 
Catskill, Adirondack, Green and White Mountains; with steamers 
of the Fall River Line for Newport, Fall River and Boston; for 
Nantucket. Martha's Vineyard and the various places of summer 
sojourn along the coast of .Maine and Massachusetts. 



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HE glamour of ihd pasi, 
the beauty of tlie,^ pres- 
ent arid tlie proinlse gf 
tlie future giv© to tliat 
^ ;-;" ;■?;'/, portion of tlie Fnited 
States which lies soutli of the Ohio anii - ■ f 
the Mississippi Eivers a triple charm. Fron^ i.: 
time of Ponce De Leon and Hernando De Soto ii 
has been the land (if ixananoe as well as the scene 
of tragedy, Linked in history is the fountain of 
perpetual youth that never was found, with the 
fountain of blood from which has sprung the 
New South that, during the past decade, working 
with the vigor of youth in fields and mines has 
laid the industrial and commei'cial foundations 
of a life that will surpass" the glory of even that 
olden Time, whose memories Ihiger in -the great 
country houses wnth wide porticoes, and in the' 
city by-W'ays where lightly stepped the Southern 
belles. In this region is scenery of peculiar beauty. 
The forests of pine and fields that in the ainnmn 



are wliite with cotton bolls descend on one side 
to green and flowering savannas or groves of tlie 
sunny fruits of tiie tropics, and on the other rise 
to liighlands of Alpine grandeur. The climate 
ranges from the ever cool and bracing atmosphere 
of the mountains, through tlie pleasingly even 
temperature of the middle land to where, nearer 
the salt water, whether on the side of the ocean 
or that of the gulf, the winter air of Arcadian 
mildness appeals with greatest delight to him 
who, after flying from biting wind and blus- 
tering storm, is awakened by a faint, fresh breeze 
that, giving the gentlest waver . . 

to the curtain past 'w,///>f^ 

which it softly ikAj . >;•■• ^x.V^i;^>>^'' 

steals,brings the ^:M/ ""' ' ' ="''^r^?pr;;-^ 



scent of flom- 






ers from beds ;■ \ .^./if'^Uiij.^]; :]i^f|4''''l W 



that are bathed '"' -■^<-^:::^^^-''''' '''^^%%^'-X 7.^'sM'L . 
in sunlight. '^^^, ■--^)^^'^^'"5^--^r.. 








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NCI NN ATI. Ohio, one of the 
termini of the Pennsvlvama 
Lines, through which connection 
is made with trains of the southern 
railroads, is one of the most pict- 
uresque cities on the American 
continent and one of exceeding 
interest to visitors. The settle- 
ment on the present site was made 
in 1788 and the city was incorpor- 
ated in 1814. At present it extends 
"^ " " for ten miles along the Ohio River 

and three miles back upon the hills that rise in terraces from its 
edge, having, with the adjoining suburbs, a population of 297,000. 
Cincinnati is a most important commercial and manufacturing 
center, being the entrepot for large sections of Ohio. Indiana and 
Illinois, as well as of Kentucky and Tennessee, and an extensive 
producer of iron, furniture,, boots and shoes, clothing, buggies, 
machinery and steamboats, and maintaining a foremost place for 
its pork-packing industry. 

In the portion of the city immediately adjoining the river are 
the business streets containing many splendid buildings, while the 
most beautiful residences are on the surrounding hill-top suburbs 
of Clifton, Avondale, Mount Auburn, Price's Hill and Walnut Hills. 
Conspicuous of the public buildings are, the massive structure 
erected by the United States Government, the County Court 
House, the City Hall, the beautiful Chamber of Commerce, the 
Public Library, the building of the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation and Springer Music Hall, which contains one of the 
largest organs in the world. The Emery Arcade is worth a visit 
and the Tyler-Davidson Fountain, cast in Munich, at a cost of 
nearly two hundred thousand dollars, is one of the most notable 
works of art in America, as is also the "St. Peter Delivered," by 
Murillo, that surmounts the altar of Carrara marble in the mag- 
nificent Cathedral of St. Peter. Prominent of the other churches 




CINCINNATI 
15 



l6 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

are that of St. Xavier, also Catholic; St. Paul's (Episcopal); St. 
Paul's (Methodist) and the Hebrew Synagogue. 

Cincinnati is noteworthy as an educational center. The College 
of Music, possessing a most efficient faculty, is largely attended. 
The University of Cincinnati, the Law School, the Ohio Medical 
College and the Miami Medical College are also eminently suc- 
cessful institutions. The Cincinnati School of Design has a corps 
of excellent instructors and connected with its buildmg is the 
magnificent structure of the Cincinnati Art Museum Association, 
which contains paintings, sculpture and articles of virtu. Both of 
these buildings are in Eden Park, which commands beautiful 
views from the hill on which it is situated. Other resorts of 
Cincinnati are the Zoological Gardens, containing one of the 
finest collections in the country, and the hill-tops from which are 
obtained magnificent views of the city, the river and the surround- 
ing country. The Suspension Bridge connecting Cincinnati with 
Covington is a famous structure. 

The large portion of Cincinnati's population that is German or 
of German descent, lives north of the Miami Canal in the region 
designated "Over the Rhine," where are German business houses, 
dwellings, theatres and churches, beer gardens and beer vaults. 

The principal hotels of Cincinnati conducted on the American 
plan are the Burnet House, Grand Hotel and the Gibson. The 
St. Nicholas and the Hotel Emery are on the European plan and 
the St. Clair Hotel offers choice of either. The best restaurants are 
those of the St. Nicholas, Women's Exchange -and the Glencairn. 

Horse and cable cars starting from Fountain Square run to all 
parts of Cincinnati and suburbs, including Covington and New- 
port, Kentucky. Omnibuses run between the depots and hotels; 
fare twenty-five cents. Hacks may be procured per trip within 
the limits of Freeman Avenue, Liberty Street, Eggleston Avenue 
and the river at fifty cents each passenger, or at one dollar and 
fifty cents for the first and one dollar for each additional hour. 
The Cincinnati Cab Company, within the limits just described, 
charges twenty-five cents per trip per passenger without stops. 




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lENTUCKYhasanareaof 
40,400 square miles. In 
the southeast the hind is 
i*> , i<i. ■ 'x.mZ^. J."' ' '^J hilly, descending toward 

'P^>'*'^ ** ' >iS^Sl! C (he north and west in up- 

lands that extend over 
more than half the State, 
including the "IJlue Grass" 
" region, famous as the most 
miportant horse and cattle- 
raising district in the United 
States and for its wealth of 
^ -__^^ ^_ agricultural products generally. 

^^^S^ West of the uplands the surface 

sinks to a level that extends to the 
Mississippi River. The climate of the State generally is mild 
and healthful. Kentucky produces corn, wheat, oats, flax, hemp 
and tobacco. There are coal and iron mines in the hill regions 
and salt is an important product. Natural gas is also found in 
certain parts of the State, is piped to the city of Louisville and 
utilized to a considerable extent. 

LOUISVILLE, the chief city of Kentucky, one of the gate- 
ways through which the Pennsylvania Lines lead to and from 
the South, is no miles from Indianapolis via the Pennsylvania 
Line -Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianapolis Railroad— and no 
miles from Cincinnati via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. 
Its site is on a level plain at the foot of hills that recede from 
the bed of the Ohio River, which is here broken by a ledge of 
corniferous and Niagara limestone over which the tumbling 
water forms the Falls of the Ohio. Its population is 161,000; 
the hotels are the Gait House, Louisville Hotel, Alexander's 
and Fifth Avenue Hotel. Louisville is the largest leaf tobacco 
and one of the largest live-stock markets in the world, and is 
the distributing market for the various kinds of Kentucky whisky. 
Pork-packing, the manufacture of agricultural implements, furni- 



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LOUISVILLE. 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



19 



ture, iron pipe and cement are also important interests. The 
city contains several public buildings, most conspicuous among 
which are the City Hall, Custom House and Court House. The 
business blocks are substantial; the residences notably hand- 
some, and on many streets are surrounded by lawns orna- 
mented with flowers and shrubbery. There is an excellent 
public library and a geological and natural history museum con- 
taining one hundred thousand specimens. In the surrounding 
country are found as great a variety of fossils as at any place in the 
world, and the limestone bed of the river at low water is the finest 
collecting ground for corals in the United States. Just cast of the 
city limits is Cave Hill Cemetery, where is the tomb of and 
monument to George D. Prentice. 

MAMMOTH CAVE is reached by thirteen miles ride over a 
branch railroad from Glasgow Junction, a station on the Louisville 
& Nashville Railroad, 200 miles from Cincinnati and ninety miles 
from Louisville. The Mammoth Cave and Niagara Falls share 
the honor of being the "greatest natural wonders of America"— 
the one the expression of mighty and enduring force, the other the 
embodiment of everlasting calm. In the light of day shine the 
glories of one; by the faint flicker of a miner's lamp are revealed 
the exhaustless marvels of the other. Bayard Taylor closes his 
account of a visit to the Cave with this oft quoted paragraph: 
" I have been twelve hours under ground, but I have gained an 
age in a strange and hitherto unknown world; an age of won- 
derful experience and an exhaustless store of sublime and lovely 
memories. Before taking a final leave of the> Mammoth Cave, 
however, let me assure those who have followed me through it 
that no description can do justice to its sublimity or present a 
fair picture of its manifold wonders. It is the greatest natural 
curiosity I have ever visited, Niagara not excepted, and he whose 
expectations are not satisfied by its marvelous avenues, domes 
and starry grottoes must either be a fool or a deniigf)d." 
Accommodations may be secured at the Mammoth Cave Hotel 
and every arrangement made for a visit to the Cave within 



20 THE PENXSVLVAXIA LIXES 

which the temperature remains at fifty-tive degrees throughout 
the year. 

LEXINGTON is ninety-four miles from Louisville via the 
Louisville & Nashville Railroad and seventy-nine miles from Cin- 
cinnati, from which it is reached via the Queen & Crescent Route 
and Kentucky Central Railroad. With a population of 23,000 it is 
the commercial center of the Blue Grass region, a distributing 
point for agricultural products and one of the most celebrated 
markets for tine horses in the world. The streets are regularly 
laid out, well paved, well shaded and lined with many handsome 
residences. The principal hotel is the Phoenix. Two miles from 
Lexington is Ashland, the home of Henry Clay. 

MIDDLESBOROUGH, 215 miles from Louisville via the 
Louisville & Nashville Railroad, is just below the point where the 
mountains are pierced by the Cumberland Gap. The country in 
its vicinity contains coal, iron and other valuable minerals. There 
is a hotel of modern construction at Middlesborough commanding 
good views of the surrounding picturesque scenery. 

Somerset, 158 miles south of Cincinnati on the Queen & 
Crescent Route, a village of 2,500 population, is in the iron and 
coal belt of the State, where has also been found oil and gas. 

Cumberland Falls is a station on the Queen & Crescent 
Route, 180 miles from Cincinnati, from which by a stage ride 
through the mountain forest is reached the Cum.berland Falls 
Hotel, located a few yards from and overlooking the Falls of the 
Cumberland River. 




LNNIlbbllL. has an area of 42,050 
square miles. The lands of the 
region known as West Tennessee, 
which extend from the Mississippi 
to the Tennessee River, are of 
varied contour, ranging from the 
bottoms immediately along the 
Mississippi to the highlands known 
as the Tennessee Ridge, which slope 
to the valley of the Tennessee River. 
These lands produce cotton, corn, wheat 
and tobacco, and a large area is devoted 
to marketable fruits. East of the Tennessee 
River are the lands of the western division of the Highland 
Rim, comprising the iron region of the State. East of these 
is the Nashville or Central Basin of farming lands, comprising 
fourteen counties, with a population of 475,000, wherein are 
grown grains and grasses as well as cotton. At the eastern 
edge of this basin begins the eastern slope of the Highland 
Rim, whereon are grown fruits, vegetables and tobacco. Next 
are the Cumberland Mountains with their vast coal lields, the 
best of which are yet to be developed. Extending into the 
plateau of the Cumberland Mountains northeastward from the 
Alabama line is Sequatchie Valley, about sixty-Hve miles in 
length and from two to seven miles wide, on the western slope of 
which are found coal-beds, and on the eastern slope iron ores, 
while the land between is of high agricultural value. Next east- 
ward is the Valley of East Tennessee, a succession of mountains 
and valleys of rich agricultural lands. Immense forests of ex- 
cellent hardwood timber and iron ores abound along the entire 
western slope. Next is the Unaka or mountain region, which pre- 
sents most exquisite scenery. The climate throughout the entire 
State of Tennessee is generally healthful and is not characterized 
by extremes of temperature. 



^^— Railroad Lines 
..... Electric Railroad 

. Incline Railroad 

Streets & Other Roads 

l.Milc, 




CHATTANOOGA 



HAND-BOOK. OF THE SOUTH. 23 

CHATTANOOGA, situated on the southern liank of a bcntl in 
the Tennessee River, is 335 miles south of Cincinnati, via the 
Queen & Crescent Route, and 151 miles southeast of Nashville, 
via the Nashville, Chattanooi^a & St. Louis Railway. Its popu- 
lation of 30,000 people is largely engaged in iron mills, blast fur- 
naces, cotton factories and the manufacture of lumber. It is also 
the distributing point for a large section of surrounding country. 
The approach to Chattanooga via the (2ueen & Crescent Route is 
through scenery remarkable for its beauty and its historic asso- 
ciation. Immediately north of the city the train runs along the 
valley east of Walden's Ridge, the scene of Rosecran's campaign, 
passes the point of Sherman's attack on Missionary Ridge, the 
slopes stormed by Thomas and comes to a halt in Chattanooga 
within sight of Lookout Mountain, where was fought Hooker's 
" Battle Above the Clouds." The ascent and tour of Lookout 
Mountain may be made by steam railway. From its summit, 2,000 
feet above sea-level, where is " Lookout Inn," with accommodations 
for 2,000 guests, is obtained a view extending over 500 miles and 
including portions of seven States. The principal hotels of 
Chattanooga are the Read House, Stanton House and Southern 
Hotel. 

KNOXVILL.E, a city of a population of 23,000, is situated on a 
series of high hills overlooking the Tennessee River, in the exact 
center of the Valley of East Tennessee. In the vicinity of 
extensive coal and iron mines, of Tennessee marble quarries 
and the center of a great hardwood timber belt, it is of con- 
siderable importance for its iron, wool and cotton industries. 
Knoxville commands a view of the Smoky Mountains; is near the 
Alleghany Springs, Hot Springs, Tate Spring, Montvale Springs 
and other resorts of the Cumberland Range. It is 307 miles from 
Cincinnati via the Queen & Crescent Route and Harriman Junc- 
tion, and 267 miles from Louisville via the Louisville ^: Nashville 
Railroad ami Jrllico. 

NASHVILLE is built upon sloping land on both l)anks of tin.- 
Cumberland River that here is spanned by a magnilicent iron 




NASHVILLE. 
24 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 25 

bridge. It is 185 miles south of Louisville and 295 miles southeast 
of Cincinnati, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. With a 
population of 76,000, it is of considerable commercial importance, 
being the most prominent lumber market south of the Ohio River, 
and its manufactures are extensive and varied. The city is regu- 
larly laid out with granite-paved streets, supplied with water from 
a reservoir which cost S8oo,ooo, well drained, well governed, and 
its entire area is penetrated by fifty-six miles of electric street- 
car lines. It is the seat of the State Capitol, an imposing building 
which overlooks the city from Capitol Hill; of \'anderbilt Univer- 
sity; Fisk University for colored students; the Peabody Normal 
Colleges, and various other public and educational institutions. 
The Watkins Institute contains the Howard Library, the collec- 
tions of the Tennessee Historical Society and the Nashville Art 
Association. On December 15th and i6th, 1864, an attack upon 
Nashville by the Confederate army under General Hood was 
repulsed by the Federal forces commanded by General Thomas. 
The principal hotels are the Maxwell House, Duncan Hotel, 
Nicholson House and Linck's Hotel. Polk Place, where is the 
home of President Polk, is near the center of the city, and ten 
miles east is Hermitage, the home of Andrew Jackson. Nashville 
is the center of a region noted for its fine stock farms. At Belle 
Meade Farm, six miles west of the city, is held every spring a sale 
of blooded hovses, and the West Side Park Association holds 
races in the spring and autumn. 

MEMPHIS is situated on the Chickasaw Bluff on the east side 
of the Mississippi River, at the head of all-thc-year-round navi- 
gation. Its population of 65,000 ranks it the largest and most 
important city on the river between St. Louis and New Orleans, 
and it is the site of the only bridge that crosses the river between 
those cities. It is the largest inland cotton market, and of the 
cotton markets of the world it is second only to New Orleans. 
Being the distributing point for an extensive region of fertile 
country, it has an enormous traffic by water and by the railroads 
that radiate in every direction. There are numerous manu- 




MEMPHIS. 
16 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



27 



facturing establishments, those producing cotton-seed oil being of 
chief importance. The population of Memphis increased 125 per 
cent, in the nine years following 1880, and its development along 
all the lines of prosperity was correspondingly rapid, the volume 
of business in 1889 amounting to $200,000,000, which exhibits an 
astonishingly high ratio of activity to the population. The entire 
city is supplied with water from artesian wells; the well laid out 
streets are lined with handsome buildings, and there are many 
stately residences with beautiful lawns. The view obtained from 
Chickasaw Bluff is fine, and often at sunrise or sunset possesses a 
sublime beauty. The vast expanse of water and the alluvial 
bordering land reach to the horizon, while the atmosphere pre- 
serves with peculiar brilliancy the effects of the sun on cloud and 
river. Memphis is 377 miles from Louisville via the Louisville tJc 
Nashville Railroad, and its principal hotels are the Peabody, 
Guyosa and Gastins. 





EORGIA has an area of 59,980 
square miles that is extremely 
varied both as to the quality 
of its soil and the altitude of 
its surface. By reason of its 
great extent in latitude, the 
climate is of remarkable 
range, while the agricul- 
tural as well as the min- 
eral products are exceed- 
- ingly heterogeneous, the 
=■"" fruits and flowers of the 
sub -tropics in many places 
growing side by side with those 
characteristic of the farther north. 

The irregular coast of about one hundred miles along the 
Atlantic Ocean is low and marshy, extending to and embracing the 
Okefinokee Swamp of about 180 miles in circuit in the southeast 
corner of the State. It is productive of rice and long staple 
cotton; gives growth to the cypress, live and water-oak, gum, ash 
and palmetto trees. Back from the coast is a succession of 
savannas covered with the tall, long-leafed pine, and in the spring 
and early summer with an enchanting profusion of wild flowers. 
From thirty to forty miles inland the land suddenly rises to a 
height of seventy-five or one hundred feet, and this terrace 
extends almost to the center of the State, comprising over 10,000 
square miles of sandy soil that is covered with pine forests, except 
where cultivated for the production of cotton. . North of this 
region the surface rises by another terrace to a height of about 
600 feet at the center of the State, forming the great cotton-belt 
of Georgia. Here are also grown corn, wheat, tobacco, grasses, 
peaches, apples, bananas, grapes, plums and melons, and many 
varieties of berries, while the forests are of pine, oak, chestnut 
and hickory. Northern Georgia consists of hills that display the 
rocks of the Huronian and Laurentian groups of the Archiean 



HAND-BOOK OP" THE SOUTH. 



29 



age and terminate in the noble range of the Blue Ridge, where 
are presented landscapes of great beauty. At places in this 
northern region cotton is grown with success, as well as corn 
and wheat, and there are trees of oak, pine, maple, cedar, poplar 
and hickory. Northwestern Georgia is crossed by a vein of 
copper and by the gold belt that extends from the Potomac in 
Virginia to northwestern Alabama. In the mountains are also 
found iron, lead, manganese, mica, granite and marble. The 
climate of southern Georgia, although rather debilitating in 
summer, in the winter is delightful and of great benefit to con- 
sumptives, who resort to the pine woods in increasing numbers 
every year. The days are bright and sunny, the atmosphere dry 
and balmy, and there are no sudden changes in the temperature. 
The climate of middle Georgia is not excelled by that of the 
most favored spots of the earth. Protected by the Appalachian 
range from the biting northwestern winds, the temperature from 
December until April averages about forty-seven degrees, and 
during the summer months the average indication of the ther- 
mometer is at seventy-nine. The temperature of the mountains 
of northern Georgia is somewhat lower than that of the central 
belt in winter and also in summer, when they are resorted to by 
sufferers from malaria and fever. 

Bordering the indented sea coast of Georgia arc numerous 
islands on which sea island cotton is grown, together with 
oranges, figs, pomegranates and olives, and wild fowl are found 
in great numbers. Prominent among these islands are Cumber- 
land (Cumberland Island Hotel); Jekyl, where is the Jckyl Island 
Club House, and St. Simon's (St. Simon's Hotel), which are noted 
as places of resort. 

ATLANTA, the capital of Georgia, an important railroad 
center, conspicuous as an enterprising mercantile iity and the site 
of over five hundred manufactories of widely diversified products, is 
reached from Chattanooga (140 miles) by the Western & Atlantic 
Railroad and the East Tennessee, \'irginia & Georgia Railway. 
The citv is beautifullv located at an altitude of 1,100 feet above the 




ATLANTA. 

30 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



3« 



sea; it is clean and generally well paved, and has a population of 
65,000. The State House, City Hall and Custom House are 
striking edifices. The siege of Atlanta is memorable in that the 
occupancy of the city by General Sherman, on September 2d, 
1864, was the death-blow to the Confederate cause. A granite 
monument in the native forest southwest of the city marks the 
spot whence the horse of General McPherson trotted riderless to 
the Federal camp. The hotels are the H. I. Kimball House and 
Hotel Markham. 

AUGUSTA is 171 miles from Atlanta via the Georgia Rail- 
road, and on the southern bank of the Savannah River, which is 
navigable to this point. It has a population of 35,000, is a place 
of considerable commercial importance and the site of large 
cotton factories, which are supplied by the river with a fine water- 
power. The city has a quaint, old-fashioned beauty, given by 
broad, clean streets, avenues lined by live-oaks, old houses with 
wide verandas embowered in semi-tropical shrubs and flowers, 
lovely parks and drives. Two miles to the west are the famous 
Augusta Sand Hills, where is the United States Arsenal, for 
which this location was chosen because the air is so dry that the 
polished arms do not rust or tarnish, and the climate is soothing 
and healing to those suffering from nervous trouble or ailment of 
the lungs. On the Sand Hills is also the excellent Hotel Bon Air, 
with accommodations for 250 guests. The principal hotels within 
the city are the Arlington and the Planters, and good board may 
be had in private families. In the Pine and Sand Region arc 
Grovetown (Hotel Rosland), fifteen miles west of Augusta, and 
Harlem, twenty-five miles west of Augusta. Sixty-five miles from 
Augusta, on the Georgia Railroad, is Hillman, the electric health 
resort. 

BRUNSWICK, with a resident population of 8,500, is situated 
on the Atlantic Coast, seventy miles north of Jacksonville and 
sixty miles south of Savannah. It is 279 miles from Atlanta via 
the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway, and is reached 
via Albanv bv the Brunswick cS: Western Railroad. Its beautiful 



32 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

harbor not only adds to its attractiveness as a winter resort, 
but gives it increasing prominence as an important port for 
the shipment of cotton and other products. The city is beauti- 
fully laid out with well-made roads and fine parks, shaded 
with trees of live-oak, magnolia and bay, a number of which were 
planted by Gen. Oglethorpe, by whom the city was founded,- and 
it is supplied with sweet, pure water from artesian wells. Arms 
of the sea stretch far into the interior on either side of Brunswick, 
giving fine opportunity for sailing and rowing, and along the 
harbor is a magnificent driveway. The climate is salubrious, the 
temperature even. The county of Glynn, in which Brunswick is 
situated, contains deer, wild turkey, foxes, squirrels, quail and 
snipe, and in the water abound fish of many varieties, including 
the game sea-trout. The principal hotel is the excellent Ogle- 
thorpe. 

MACON is beautifully situated on hills bordering the Ocmulgee 
River, near the center of Georgia, about ninety miles to the south- 
east of Atlanta, from which it is reached by the East Tennessee, 
Virginia & Georgia Railway and the Central Railroad of Georgia. 
It is within reach of the wholesome breezes of the pine forests, is 
well drained and enjoys pure water from powerful springs that 
force up from under the hills about 2,000,000 gallons per day. 
The population of 23,000 people are engaged in extensive com- 
mercial and manufacturing industries, and it is the center of the 
Georgia fruit-belt. It is the seat of Mercer University, Wesleyan 
Female College, the State Asylum for the Blind, and its claim 
to be a healthful city is well substantiated. The principal hotels 
are the Brown House, Hotel Lanier, Edgerton House. 

MARIETTA is a city of 4,000 population on the Western & 
Atlantic Railroad, 120 miles from Chattanooga and twenty miles 
from Atlanta, 1,132 feet above sea-level. Within two miles to the 
northeast of Marietta, the two peaks of Kennesaw Mountain 
rise about 700 feet above the city, protecting it from the cold 
northwestern winds of winter and ensuring a constant flow of 
air during the summer nights. By reason of its clear atmos- 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOL'TH. 



33 



phcre, pure water, lovely scenery and rctined resident population. 
Marietta was before the war a favorite resort of the Southern 
aristocracy and it is a favorite resort to-day with those who would 
spend a season between the Northwest and the farther South. 
The city is surrounded by good roads .for driving; is in the 
vicinity of the mountain trout streams of the Blue Ridge; near 
the Georgia marble quarries, and on every side are localities 
famous for their connection with the Atlanta campaign of the 
war between the States. The principal hotel is the Kennesaw 
House, and there are several good boarding-houses. 

SAVANNAH, one of the handsomest of American cities, occu- 
pies a bluff on the south bank of the Savannah River, eighteen 
miles from its mouth. It is ig2 miles from Macon and 132 miles 
from Augusta, via the Central Railroad of Georgia. With a popu- 
lation of 42,000, it is the first naval-stores port in the world and 
is conspicuous for the exportation of cotton, rice and lumber 
Throughout the city is ever the sweet breath of the forest given 
by beautiful old trees that shade the broad streets and together 
with the carpeting of grass make delightful the many public 
squares. Forsyth Park is a larger and more pretentious place of 
resort, and Bonaventure Cemetery is renowned for its solemn and 
surpassing beauty. There are magnificent public edifices and 
noble private residences are surrounded with flower gardens 
which bloom throughout the year. Healthfully located within 
the influence of the current of the Gulf Stream, the climate of 
Savannah is genial and even, mild in winter and without intense 
heat in summer. From the date of its first settlement by 
General Oglethorpe in 1733, the history of this city is closely 
connected with all that is remarkable in the history of the 
Nation. Repulsed in 1776, the British succeeded in capturing it 
in. 1778. In the attempt of the French and Americans to regain 
possession the next year. Count Pulaski lost his life. In Novem- 
ber, I7q6, Savannah suffered the loss of about one million dollars 
by fire, and in January, 1820, it was devastated by another confla- 
gration which damaged it to the extent of four millions of dollars. 



HAND-BOOK OF TllK SOUTH. 



35 



During the Civil War Savannah was a Confederate stronghold 
until its capture by General Sherman in December, 1864. The 
De Soto Hotel is a magnificent editice of superb appointment. 
Other principal hotels are the Pulaski House, Screven House and 
McConnell's and Hresnan's, are kept on the European plan. 

THOMASVILLE. ( )n high ground on the northern border of 
the great forest ul primitive pine trees that extends across 
southern Georgia, is this pretty town of g.ooo people to whose 
lungs the breeze of the sea comes laden with the health-giving 
fragrance of the pines, wherefore it stands conspicuous among 
the health resorts of the South. The town has broad, shaded 
streets and is supplied from an artesian well with pure water 
of medicinal virtue. The Mitchell House and Piney Woods 
Hotel are excellent hostelries. The Gulf House and the Harley 
are less expensive hotels and many private families will entertain 
tourists. Thcmasville is tifty-eight miles from Albany, fifty- 
eight miles from Chattahoochee and 104 miles from Waycross 
via the Savannah, Florida & Western Railway. 



r^.>]^\ 







^ f >ji^*— 




"ORTH CAROLINA has an area 
of 50,704 square miles. The coast 
hne of nearly 400 miles is bordered 
by barren, sandy islands. The 
land for about 100 miles back from 
the coast is low and the seat of 
enormous swamps, which in many 
places have been turned by drain- 
age into valuable grain fields and 
rice plantations. The Great Dismal 
Swamp, extending into Virginia, and the 
Alligator or Little Dismal Swamp just south 
of Albemarle Sound, each cover about 150,000 
acres. At the western border of this low tract 
begins rolling land which extends to the foot of the Appalachian 
Mountains, which in this State reach their greatest elevation 
and develop their grandest features. The inner coast lands, 
together with a portion of this central tract, comprise vast pine 
forests productive of turpentine, pitch and rosin. Back of the 
pine forests the central belt of the State is devoted to the growth 
of grain and tobacco and in the southern counties to cotton. 
Between the Blue Ridge and the Iron or Smoky Mountains 
which separate North Carolina from Tennessee is an extensive 
plateau of an altitude ranging from 3,500 to 4,000 feet, trav- 
ersed by cross chains of mountains, and noble rivers penetrate the 
valleys that are marked by a healthy atmosphere, picturesque 
surroundings and a fertile soil. In the lowlands of North Carolina 
the atmosphere is warm and humid. In the mountain region it is 
cool, dry and bracing, of benefit to sufferers from asthma and 
a certain class of victims of pulmonary complaints. 

ASHEVILLE, the center of the mountainous territory of North 
Carolina that lies west of the .Blue Ridge, is situated at the con- 
fluence of the Swannanoa and French Broad Rivers, 436 miles from 
Cincinnati, via the Queen & Crescent Route and Harriman Junc- 
tion, and 3</) miles from Louisville, via the Louisville & Nashville 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 37 

Railroad and Jellico. The town contains 1 1,000 people, churches, 
schools and banks. Its climate and that of the surrounding 
district is mild and eagerly sought by consumptives and tliosc 
whose craving is for dry air in winter. The hotels are the 
Battery Park, Swannanoa and Winyah Houses. Within easy 
distance from Ashcville are Mount Mitchell of the Bhick 
Mountain chain, the highest peak east of the Rockies; Grand- 
father Mountain of the Blue Ridge, and Roan Mountain of the 
Smoky Range which commands a view of seven States ; the 
Balsam Range, with its terminal Cold Mountain, and the famous 
peak, Mount Pisgah. Guides may be procured for mountain 
ascents and for excursions to the many picturesque spots within a 
radius of thirty or forty miles. The entire region in the vicinity of 
Asheville is covered with primitive forests of balsam and pine, the 
mountains being wooded in many instances to the very summits. 
Thirty-eight miles west of Asheville, via the Western North 
Carolina Division of the Richmond & Danville Railroad, are the 
Hot Springs of North Carolina, which give mineral waters that 
have been noted throughout the Southern States for generations. 
They are agreeable to the palate, and are used in the bath as a 
remedy for many ailments. The Mountain Park Hotel at the 
springs is kept open throughout the year. 

RALEIGH, the capital of North Carolina, is eighty-two miles 
from Greensboro via the Piedmont Air Line. It is a city of 13,000 
population, regularly laid out from Union Square in the center, 
where stands the beautiful granite State House. The hotels arc 
the Yarborough and Florence Houses. 

WILMINGTON is situated on the Cape Fear River, twenty 
miles from the ocean. It is 245 miles south of Richmond, \'a., 212 
miles north of Charleston, S. C, and 192 miles east of Columbia, 
S. C, via the Atlantic Coast' Line. Its population is about 20.000 
and its prosperity depends mainly upon its extensive commerce, 
it being a prominent port for the shipment of lumber, turpentine, 
rosin, tar, pitch, shingles and cotton. The principal hotels of 
Wilmint'-ton are the Purcell House and National Hotel. 




_ OUTH CAROLINA has an area 
■\^^^^>^^f'p' :'a^;^',4C of 34,000 square miles. Its contour 

.rr_l''^~-^i l;,^ "> '^ '■ '^ similar to that of Georgia, the 
/\?^" >^ '^^^^ ■- ^"'""Nf'^-' ^^'^ coast being fringed by bays, 
'-^■'■.'X '^" ■ /^/'p\ " h sounds and lagoons, and bordered 
'J-Vi-.^r ' -sC't^.L^' \ ' by low islands, productive of rice, 

".,'-,'■ '^^^'^■^ ■■<' • .1 ■/'i X sea -island cotton and tropical 

5 .- sv, "-' ■ ~ ' ■ ■ -" ■ ' " ■ ■ 



~'.- ■^p¥^,,'f:''~-''^'f: V --*f^j^P|^ C; fiuit. Within one hundred miles 

•, <■ ■' ^''-f^^^' -.■ '^'li-'" - from the coast the land is low and 
■^/*'^f^ /^ -'^; >."* " .■- ^^riyi/^^^f" sandy. In the alluvial soil border- 
'' "^?*if^ ■ -->■-- ' ing the rivers are vast rice fields. 

The swamps are covered with virgin forests 
of cypress and white oak and marked by stretches of the dense 
luxuriant vegetation of the tropics. Back from this low land are 
the sand hills of the middle country, broad reaches of green 
meadow and fields of white cotton; then is rolling land gradually 
rising into the Blue Ridge of the Appalachian chain in the north- 
western corner of the State. It is said by an eminent authority that 
the climate of South Carolina resembles that of Southern Europe. 
Both the Carolinas are attractive resorts during the winter when 
there is very little rain and when the days are usually cloudless 
and warm. The variations of temperature, except during the 
mild and even months of March and April, are greater than in 
the extreme South, necessitating a suitable assortment of clothing. 
AIKEN is seventeen miles east of Augusta on the South Caro- 
lina Railway. Situated in the midst of the pine forests on the 
sand plateau that reaches into the State from Georgia, it possesses 
a climate which throughout the winter is as that of a charming 
Northern June. In the pure dry air, that is permeated by the heal- 
ing terebinthine odors, sufferers from consumption, rheumatism and 
gout find relief and often complete surcease of pain. The atmos- 
phere of Aiken is that of languor, quiet and ease. The broad 
avenues, wide porticoed houses, with their beds of roses, the wind- 
ing paths through the pine trees, the reaches of many colored 
sand, the entire absence of noise and hurrv, induce a feeling of 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



39 



restfulncss, of tranquil content. The permanent population of 
Aiken is about 2,500. Its hotels are the Highland Park, Aiken 
and Clarendon, and there are many boardin<,'-houses. 

CAMDEN. The lony-leafed pine trees whose resinous breath 
is the invalid's balm and cordial are nowhere more perfect than 
in the forests surrounding this delightful old town. Camden was 
settled in 1750 and was the scene of many bitter fights during 
the revolution, one of which was marked by the death of Baron 
DeKalb, from the effects of his eleven wounds. During the pros- 
tration that followed the civil war it sank almost into oblivion in 
so far as the outer world was concerned and it is only during the 
past year or two that its fame as a most pleasant and healthful 
place of winter sojourn has gone beyond the confines of Carolina. 
Msitors speak in terms of sincerest praise of the sunny sky; of 
the pure, cool spring water; of the atmosphere that, always 
dry and balmy and permeated with the balsamic odors of the 
pines, is never so warm as to be debilitating, and is never tinged 
with penetrating cold. The streets are lined with gardens of 
charming flowers and there are many houses of old colonial 
structure that give pleasure to the eye of him who saunters past 
their latticed windows as well as comfort to their inhabitants. 
The population of Camden is 3,500. It is situated in the center of 
the sand-hill region on a well-drained plain above the Watcree 
River, that, navigable to this point, together with the Wateree 
Canal, furnishes excellent water-power. There are stores, schools, 
churches and an opera house. The Mobkirk Inn receives the 
unqualified commendation of every guest who secures entertain- 
ment within its walls and there are other hotels and boarding- 
houses. Camden is via the South Carolina Railway, 144 miles from 
Charleston, 157 miles from Augusta and 62 miles from Columbia. 

CHARLESTON was described by Josiah Quincy in 1773 as 
presenting a beautiful and magnificent appearance by reason of 
the grandeur and splendor of its buildings, decorations, e(|uipages. 
commerce and shipping. Since that time it has suffered the 
depression that followeil the war of the Revolution, the ravages of 




CHARLESTON. 

40 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 41 

the disastrous fires of 1778, 1835 and 1861, bombardment durinj^ 
the civil war, the prostration of trade and industry that followed 
its close, the suffocation of the horrible period of Reconstruction, 
the direful racking of the cyclone of 1885 and of the earthquake 
of 1886. But notwithstanding these frequent periods of indescrib- 
able trial the city is attractive to-day. There remain buildings 
erected in the olden time with columns and broad porches side by 
side with structures of modern styles, and the dauntless energy of 
her citizens bears fruit in prosperity that has returned to her 
industries and commerce. Charleston is one of the chief ports for 
the shipment of cotton, rice and naval stores and it is famous for 
the fertilizers manufactured from the beds in its vicinity of marl 
and phosphate. The population of Charleston is 55,000 and its 
location is on the peninsula between Ashley and Cooper Rivers, 
which here unite to form Charleston Harbor, an estuary whose 
entry to the sea seven miles from the city is guarded on the north 
by Fort Moultrie, on the south by Fort Sumter. The points in and 
in the vicinity of Charleston that are noteworthy for their intrinsic 
interest or historic association cannot be enumerated in a narrow 
compass. St. Michael's Church, with its old, sweet chimes; St. 
Philip's, with the grave of John C. Calhoun; Magnolia Cemetery, 
that contains tombstones dating back to 1636; the old planters' 
houses in the suburbs; the farm of "The Oaks," and the phos- 
phate mines in which are found the enormous teeth and bones of 
mastodons— each deserve a visit. From Charleston, on the South 
Carolina Railway, was driven for the first time in America a loco- 
motive by steam. The climate of Charleston is such as to increase 
its claims as a popular health resort each year. The days in 
winter are bright, sunny and cheerful and the temperature seldom 
compels even invalids to go within doors. The principal hotels 
are the Charleston Hotel and the Pavilion. Charleston is 130 
miles from Columbia and 137 miles from Augusta, via the South 
Carolina Railway, and 115 miles from Savannah, via the Charles- 
ton & Savannah Railway, one of the lines of the Plant System. 
SuMMKKVii.i.E, is situated on a pine wooded ridge twenty- 



42 THE PEXXSYLVAXIA LINES 

two miles from Charleston, on the South Carolina Railway, and 
is remarkable for its healthfulness. The surroundings are 
beautiful and it possesses facilities for frequent communication 
with the city. The Dorchester is a new hotel. 

COLUMBIA, the capital of South Carolina, by the Richmond & 
Danville Railroad, is eighty-four miles from Augusta, 273 miles 
from Atlanta and 163 miles from Asheville. It stands upon granite 
bluffs where the Broad and Saluda Rivers unite to form the Con- 
garee, and but a few miles from the picturesque falls of the latter 
river. Columbia retains much of the beauty for .which it was 
famous before the war. The streets are from 100 to 150 feet in 
width and shaded by three rows of trees. Many of the private 
residences are surrounded by large flower gardens, which are at 
their loveliest in the early spring, giving the air the perfume of 
roses, magnolias and the sweet olive. From the citv, driveways 
lead through pine forests that are brightened with the luxuriant 
growth of the yellow jessamine and the Cherokee rose. Columbia 
is the seat of the University of South Carolina and other State 
institutions, and it possesses extensive industrial and manufactur- 
ing interests, which the completion of the Columbia Canal will 
largely increase. Its population is about 15,000, and the principal 
hotels are Wright's Hotel, the Grand Central and the Hotel Jerome. 

GREENVILLE, with a population of 9,000, is the third city of 
South Carolina. By the Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line Division of 
the Richmond & Danville Railroad it is 160 miles from Atlanta. 
Standing on the Reedy River near its source, it is the key to the 
mountain region of the State. From its edge rise the heights of 
Saluda; and within excursion distance are Table Mountain or Flat 
Rock, Caesar's Head, the Jocasse Valley and the Falls of Slicking. 
The hotels are the Exchange and the Mansion House. 

SPARTANBURG is a town of 6,000 people, 192 miles from 
Atlanta and seventy miles from Asheville, via the Richmond & 
Danville Railroad. Near it are Glenn's Springs and the Lime- 
stone Spring. In its immediate vicinity is the revolutionary 
battle-field of Cowpens. Merchant's Hotel and Windsor Hotel. 






•^'' 





j|JLORlDA, the southernmost State 
^ of the Union, is situated in the same 
general latitude as the plains of 
V Lower Egypt, and the Delta of 
^ii;^ i-.- the Ganges. In common with 

_ % V ., ■i\-" : ' these regions it possesses an allu- 

^^, _ V- vial soil with tropical vegetation, 

-r^S^ ■ J^i^^^J^ ~ ^"^ ''^ climate, although similar, 
^y^^'^-:::^-'./,''fJl^,r^-^'f^k',f^^^ is peculiarly mild and uniform by 

/-'"'^^^^ """"-' ^,,/''v'" reason of the Atlantic Ocean, that 
-— -^^^°"_^^'-j!; J K borders the eastern, and the Gulf of 
^ J ^ Mexico, that washes almost the entire 

western side of the State. Sweeping through both gulf and 
ocean and beating with tidal force upon the shores of Florida 
at the same hour of every day that its great twin current of 
the Indian Ocean rolls upon the coast of Hindostan, the Gulf 
Stream carries away quantities of surplus heat from a temper- 
ature that the cooling draughts of the returning Arctic current 
also tend to regulate. The effect of these currents upon the 
atmosphere of Florida is such that its winters are thirtv or 
forty degrees warmer than those of the latitude of New York, 
while its summers are ten or fifteen degrees cooler. This won- 
derful climate brings to the State every year tens of thousands 
who have built winter homes within its confines, of those who 
w-ould "escape the rigors of a Northern winter" or of sufferers 
from pulmonary complaints, to whom the clear dry air, purified 
by the delicious odor of the pines and softened by the fragrance 
of the orange blossom, is soothing and invigorating. 

Of 58,680 square miles, the area of Florida, the water surface 
of bays, gulfs, sounds, harbors and rivers comprises 2,250 square 
miles. The upper and western portions of the State are uplands 
sloping to the ocean and the gulf. Below a ridge that extends 
from Brunswick, Ga., to the Suwanee River, is a dead level, sink- 
ing toward the south into the marsh lands of the Everglades. 
P>oin the southern coast, in a long curve, the coral islaiuis known 



44 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

as the " Florida Keys" reach to the Tortugas. The soil of Florida 
is productive of cotton, coffee, cocoa, sugar-cane, tobacco and rice, 
sweet potatoes in great quantities, strawberries, melons and black- 
berries. It lies in the great terrestrial orange belt, and gives an 
abundance of lemons, pine-apples, bananas, olives and grapes. 
The forests include not only the pine, cypress and cedar trees of 
the sub-tropics, but chestnut, locust, oak and hickory, and in their 
confines are not only the paroquets and flamingoes of brilliant 
colors, but the thrush, robin, martin and wren, wild turkey, duck 
and quail. Nowhere 'in America are fishes so plentiful as along- 
the coasts and in the rivers and lakes of Florida. There is the 
silver king or tarpon, the gamest fish that swims; the delicious 
pompano, grouper, mullet, blue-fish, bass and Spanish mackerel, 
and under the waters of the State are over 12,000 acres of oysters. 
The sponge and green-turtle fisheries are also important. The 
most picturesque of the characteristic features of Florida, how- 
ever, is the alligator, which abounds in the swamps and lagoons. 
He possesses a peculiar fascination for the huntsman, and is a 
source of revenue exceeded only by that derived from the orange 
groves. In many of the Floridian cities the tourist may obtain a 
live specimen of the genus, or, prepared by the taxidermist, he 
may be obtained of any size and in a number of forms suitable to 
fill a variety of functions from that of a paper-weight to an 
umbrella stand. His hide is wrought into card cases, purses and 
traveling-bags that are very attractive, and of his teeth are made 
bracelets and necklaces that serve as appropriate souvenirs of a 
visit to his home. 

JACKSONVILLE, the commercial center of Florida and 
gateway at which the various railways center, is via the shortest 
rail routes 838 miles from Cincinnati and 814 miles from Louis- 
ville. From either of these cities a choice of several routes 
with through cars is offered by the Louisville & Nashville Rail- 
road and Queen & Crescent Route. Situated in northern Florida 
on the western bank of the St. John's River, about twenty-five 
miles from its mouth, Jacksonville is a favorite winter resort for 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



45 



invalids from Northern cities who prefer remaining in its <jood 
hotels surrounded by the social advantages of a city to a sojourn 
at a quieter place in the interior. In 1821, in honor of General 
Andrew Jackson, then Military Governor of Florida, " Wacca- 
Pilatka" was rechristened by its present name. Its resident 
population is 15,000 and the principal industry the sawing and 
shipment of lumber. The streets are regularly laid out, well 
shaded and the city is supplied with good water from artesian 
wells. There are good schools, churches, banks, newspapers, a 
circulating library, an opera house and it is the seat of the Sub- 
tropical Exposition which is open during each winter season. 
Trains leave Jacksonville at frequent intervals every day for 
all points in the State and steamers run up the St. John's and 
Ocklawaha Rivers. The hotels of Jacksonville are the St. James, 
Windsor, Everett, Carleton, Placidc, Duval and Tremont, and 
there are more than one hundred boarding-houses of various 
degrees of excellence. 

ST. AUGUSTINE, the oldest European settlement in tlie 
United States, was founded by the Spaniards in 1565, ravaged 
by the French in 1567, restored by the Spanish, burned by the 
English in 1586, rebuilt by the Spanish to be pillaged by the 
English in 1665 and captured by them in 1702. It lapsed again 
into possession of the Spaniards, who repulsed attacks of (^.en- 
eral Oglethorpe in 1740 and 1743. By a treaty ratified in 1763, 
St. Augustine passed into the hands of Great Britain, whose 
supremacy endured until 1783, when the city was re-ceded to 
Spain, who transferred it to the United States in 182 1. After 
nearly a half century of rest, unbroken save by the Seminole 
War of 1835, it was again disturbed by the Civil War, when the 
fort was seized by the Confederacy in whose control it remained 
until recovered by the Federal forces in 1862. As shown by the 
records of the garrison stationed at the fort from that time until 
the close of the war, the rate of mortality among the soldiers 
was extraordinarily low. This fact was quickly perceived as con- 
firming the long established reputation of Si. Augustine as a 




JACKSONVILLE. 
46 




JACKSONVILLE (Business Portion). 
47 



48 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

place where the climate and environment ^^enerally is unusually 
conducive to health, and the winter succeeding General Lee's 
surrender brought to it many visitors from the North, whose 
number has annually increased until now, although the permanent 
residents do not exceed 3,000, the grand hotels and villas, the 
quieter inns and boarding-houses, are after the Northern holidays 
peopled by thousands of visitors who make the old Spanish town 
one of the gayest spots on earth. The streets of St. Augustine, 
narrow as those of a medieval city of Europe, are lined with 
quaint old houses and bazaars filled not only with articles typical 
of the South, but with curios and bric-a-brac from all parts of the 
earth, and among the saunterers over their concrete pavements 
may be seen men and women whose great dark eyes and coal- 
black hair indicate their Castilian blood. There are, too, many 
modern villas, while on every hand are the brilliant blossoms of 
tropical flowers, a profusion of orange, lemon and fig trees. 
The coquina walls of Fort Marion and chapel preserve the 
memory of the time when it was the impressive Fort of San 
Marco, and the cathedral rebuilt upon the original plan contains 
the old bells that were not harmed by the fire of 1887. The great 
sea wall and the United States barracks, the new Presbyterian 
and Methodist churches, are among other of the interesting feat- 
ures of St. Augustine; but in so far as the products of human 
hand and brain are concerned, the chief interest will center in 
the Alameda group of great hotels. The Ponce de Leon, built 
of coquina. in the Spanisji style of architecture, at a cost of over 
two millions of dollars, is the largest hotel in the world, while the 
beauty and grandeur of its interior, the magnificence of its sur- 
roundings and the wonderful luxury of its service surpass the 
most extravagant splendor of history. The Alcazar and the 
Cordova, on the Alameda adjoining the Ponce de Leon, are 
immense structures of Spanish design, built also by the proprietor 
of the Ponce de Leon, and their appointment and service are on a 
corresponding scale of excellence. Other hotels are the San 
Marco. Magnolia and Florida. St. Augustine is situated on the 



HAND-HOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



49 



Atlantic Coast of Florida, aljout forty miles below the inoiiih of 
the St. John's -River. It may be reached from Jacksonville (thirty- 
seven miles) by the Jacksonville, St. Augustine <.\; Halifax River 
Railway or by boat on the St. John's River via Tocoi. Boats may 
be procured for sailing on the fine stretch of the harbor, on whose 
shore are many places that will repay a visit. 



ROUTES THROUQH RLORIDA. 



THE LOUISVILLE k NASHVILLE RAILROAD 

Enters the extreme western end of Florida. The noteworthy 
stations are as follows: 

PENSACOLA, 763 miles from Cincinnati, 653 miles from 
Louisville and 369 miles from Jacksonville, a city of 12,000 popu- 
lation, is situated ten miles from the Gulf of Mexico on Pensacola 
Bay, which, forming a harbor, that has been pronounced the finest 
in the world, enables the city to conduct commerce that, already 
extensive, bids fair to attain a magnitude that will make Pensa- 
cola one of the prominent ports of the country. The soil is sandy 
and the city is surrounded by pine forests. It possesses a custom 
house, court house, several schools and churches. Guarding the 
entrance to the harbor are Forts Pickens, McRae and Barrancas, 
and in its vicinity are a Government Barracks, Navy Yard and 
Naval Hospital. The hotels are the Continental, European and 
Santa Rosa. 

DE FUNIAK SPRINGS, eighty miles east of Pensacola, is 
a circular lake of clear cold water that is one and a quarter 
miles in circumference and without visible source of supply or 
outlet. The favored location of tiiis lake in the midst of pine 
forests and but twenty miles from the sea caused it to be chosen 
as the seat of the " Florida Chautaucjua," which holds its annual 
meetings in the Tabernacle from Februarv until .April. The 



50 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

handsome and well kept Hotel Chautauqua has been compelled 
to double its capacity in the past few years to accommodate the 
constantly increasing number of its guests. At 

Marianna, 136 miles east of Pensacola, is the Milton House. 

Chattahooche (River Junction), 161 miles east of Pensacola 
and 208 miles west of Jacksonville, where is the State Peniten- 
tiary and Insane Asylum, marks the terminus of the Louisville 
& Nashville Railroad and the starting point of the Western 
Division of the 

FLORIDA CENTRAL & PENINSULAR RAILROAD 

which leads to Jacksonville. The stations are 

QuiNCY, 189 miles west of Jacksonville, a beautiful village 
amid picturesque surroundings, where are extensive tobacco 
factories. Stockton House. 

TALLAHASSEE, the capital of Florida, 165 miles west of 
Jacksonville, is a city of 4,000 inhabitants that seems as one large 
garden because of its broad streets and many squares that are 
lined with grass and shaded with the evergreen and the oak and 
a varied profusion of shrubs and flowers. The residents of 
Tallahassee are exceptionally intelligent and refined. Its prin- 
cipal hotels are the Leon and St. James. From Tallahassee the 
St. Marks branch of the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad 
leads to St. Marks on the gulf, passing 

Wakulla, sixteen miles from Tallahassee, the nearest station 
to the celebrated Wakulla Spring, " which sends off a river from 
its single outburst." 

MoNTiCELLO, 142 miles west of Jacksonville, is near Lake 
Miccosukie. It contains the Monticello and Florida hotels and 
many boarding-houses. 

Madison, iio miles west of Jacksonville, contains several 
good boarding-houses, is in the vicinity of Lakes Rachel, Mary, 
Francis and Cherry and near the Suwanee River. 

Welborn, seventy-one miles west of Jacksonville, is near 
Lake Welborn and other lakes that are well stocked with fish. 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



51 



Lake City, fifty-nine miles west of Jacksonville, marks the 
junction with the Georgia Southern & Florida Railroad, via which 
it is 210 miles from Macon, Georgia. Within its limits are Lakes 
Isabella, De Soto and Hamburg, and Indian or Alligator Lake is 
but half a mile away. The city contains the IJorum and Central 
Houses. Surrounded by pine forests, it is a favorite resort of 
consumptives. 

The Southern Division of the Florida Central & Penin- 
sular Railroad, extending to Tavares, has its Atlantic Coast 
terminus at 

FERNANDINA, which commands one of the finest of Southern 
harbors. The town is the seat of the Episcopal diocese of Florida 
and its climate is delightful. A fine shell road affords a beach 
drive of twenty miles and in the vicinity of the town arc Dunge- 
ness, the home of Gen. Nathaniel Greene, and near it the grave of 
" Light Horse Harry Lee," the father of General Robert E. Lee. 
Fernandina is thirty-seven miles north of Jacksonville by the 
Jacksonville branch of the Florida Central & Peninsular Rail- 
road, and may be reached by rail or steamer from either Charles- 
ton or Savannah. The Egmont Hotel is worthy especial mention 
as one of the finest in the South. Other hostelries are the Mansion 
House, Florida House, Tourists' Hotel and the Strathmore. The 
permanent population of Fernandina is about 4,000. 

Waldo, fifty-seven miles from Jacksonville, is in the vicinity 
of good fishing and hunting grounds. Entertainment may be 
secured at the Waldo House or in private families. 

SILVER SPRING, IOC miles from Jacksonville, reputed to be 
the " Fountain of Youth," which elicited the search of DeLeon, 
gains its name from the wonderful transparency of the water that, 
although coming from the earth by the thousands of gallons, does 
not stir the surface sixty feet above, on which one seems to be 
floating in mid-air, so translucent is the water and so perfect the 
reflection. A good hotel fronts the wharf and near by are cot- 
tagfes. 



52 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

OcALA is a prosperous town 102 miles from Jacksonville. 
The Ocala House will accommodate 400 people. 

Tavares, 150 miles from Jacksonville, is the terminus of the 
Southern Division and the point of connection for Orlando and 
Sanford. 

The Cedar Key Divlsion of the Florida Central & Peninsu- 
lar Railroad diverges from the Southern Division at Waldo, 
passing through 

Gainesville, seventy-one miles from Jacksonville, a town 
of about 4,000 inhabitants, that from its situation in the pine 
forests is much resorted to by invalids. Its hotels are the Arling- 
ton, Rochemont, Alachua, Magnolia, Seminole and the Park 
House. 

CEDAR KEYS. 127 miles from Jacksonville, the gulf ter- 
minus of the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad, is situated 
on a large bay which affords excellent facilities for bathing, boat- 
ing and fishing. Its population is engaged in the shipment of 
cedar and pine wood, turtles, fish and sponges. The town is also 
noted for the manufacture of lead-pencils. The Tampa Divi- 
sion of the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad diverges from 
the Southern Division at Wildwood and extends eighty-three 
miles to Tampa. 

THE JACKSONVILLE, TAMPA & KEY WEST SYSTEM 

Controls three routes through Florida, leading south from Jack- 
sonville. First, the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West Railway, 
penetrating points of interest as follows: 

Magnolia, twenty-eight miles from Jacksonville, where the 
Magnolia Hotel and cottages nestle in a magnificent grove of 
live-oaks and magnolias on the bank of the St. John's River, that 
here is so broad as to resemble an inland sea. 

Green Cove Springs, twenty-nine miles from Jacksonville, 
is a prettily located village with baths furnished by the springs 
with remedial sulphur water. 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



53 



PALATKA, lifty-six miles from Jacksonville, also reached 
from Macon, Georgia (285 miles), via the Georgia Southern & 
Florida Railroad, is a flourishing city at the head of deep water 
navigation of the St. John's River, and on the northern border 
of the great Florida orange belt. Standing on a broad, sandy 
plateau it commands a beautiful view of the river and surrounding 
country. Across the river from Palatka are the famous tropical 
fruit groves of Colonel Hart, and seven miles from the city are 
the Fuller groves. Palatka has beautifully shaded streets, many 
pretty residences, churches, schools, stores and good hotels — the 
Putnam, Saratoga and Winthrop. During the winter season the 
Ocklawaha River steamers make Palatka their starting point. 
Six miles south of Palatka is the long curving bridge of the Jack- 
sonville, Tampa & Key West Railway over the St. John's River. 
The entire length of the bridge, with its approaching trestles, is 
750 feet, of which the drawbridge occupies 300 feet. 

SEVILLE, eighty-four miles from Jacksonville, at the southern 
end of the fruitland peninsula in the midst of the high pine 
orange belt, is by the enterprise of the Seville Company being 
made a model town. The streets are regularly laid out and well 
shaded. Kemblc Avenue, designed to lead from Seville to Lake 
George, being an especially well constructed and beautifully 
adorned thoroughfare. The use of a good water-works and 
sewerage system is compulsory with the occupants of every 
house. The Hotel Seville is well kept, and in the vicinity is good 
hunting and fishing. 

De Land Junction, 108 miles from Jacksonville, is three 
miles from De Land, the seat of tlie university founded In- 
Mr. John B. Stetson. The hotels arc the Carrollton House. 
Parceland Hotel and Putnam House. Near by is Lake Helen, 
with the Harlan Hotel and cottage. 

Orange City Junction, 113 miles from Jacksonville, is tlie 
point of connection with the Atlantic & Western Railroad, whicli, 
penetrating the rich hummocks of the Hillsborough and Halif.ix 
regions, leads to 



54 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

New Smyrna (Ocean House), a favorite resort of sportsmen. 

Enterprise Junction, 119 miles from Jacksonville, is the 
point of departure of the Indian River Division, which extends 
to 

ENTERPRISE. 123 miles from Jacksonville, a favorite south 
Florida resort by reason of its mild yet invigorating climate, the 
presence of fine hunting and fishing grounds and the Brock 
House, a hotel that has achieved great popularity. East from 
Enterprise the railway runs through the 

INDIAN RIVER COUNTRY, 
Famous for the peerless oranges produced from its rich soil; for 
its lemons, limes, bananas, pineapples, guavas, grapes, straw- 
berries, blackberries, the countless varieties of palatable fish with 
which the river teems, and the game that abounds in the groves 
of the hummock and the luxuriant vegetation of the lagoons. 
The terminus of the Indian River Division is at 

Titusville, 159 miles from Jacksonville, where are the Indian 
River and Grand View Hotels. At Titusville connection is made 
with steamboats that ply up the long lagoon known as the Indian 
River to 

ROCKLEDGE, where is also a hotel that bears the name of 
the river, to 

Melbourne, in the vicinity of which are good fishing grounds 
(Hotel Carlton), and to 

Jupiter, which marks the southern extremity of the series of 
lagoons bordering the Atlantic Coast. In Jupiter Inlet abound 
the bluefish, bass, pompano, sheepshead and at times the tarpon. 
The Chattahooche, a large river steamboat moored to the wharf, 
serves as a hotel. Eight miles south of Jupiter by rail is 

LAKE WORTH, 321 miles from Jacksonville, the principal 
town of Dade County, whose long stretch between the Everglades 
and the ocean presents a vegetation truly tropical and possesses 
a climate in which the inhabitants of the costly residences and 
many cottages that line the beach for miles lead an ideal 
existence. The Gulf Stream that here almost washes the very 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 55 

shore is dotted nearly every day with the hulls of passinj^ steamers. 
In the lake are all kinds of sea fish. The marvelously productive 
soil gives growth to full-bearing cocoa palms, pineapples, dates, 
figs, mangoes and oranges. Oleanders and poncianas attain the 
height of twenty to thirty feet, and the hibiscus, white, red and 
yellow, blooms in every garden. At Lake Worth is the Cocoanut 
Grove House, the Oaklawn House and Hotel Lake Worth. Fifty 
miles south of this favored land the broken beach will support 
neither man nor beast, but farther down, below the 26th parallel, 
is Biscayae Bay, the headquarters of a Northern Yacht Club, 
whose members find it a delightful winter haven. 

South from Enterprise Junction, the main line of the Jackson- 
ville, Tampa & Key West Railway extends to 

SANFORD, 125 miles from Jacksonville, on the bank of Lake 
Monroe, a thriving town, with wide streets, churches, schools, a 
bank and telephone exchange, but by reason of the surrounding 
palm-trees presenting a distinctly Oriental appearance. The 
principal hotel is the Sanford House. From Sanford leads the 

SOUTH FLORIDA RAILROAD, 

Which, although operated as a portion of the Plant System, is an 
immediate connection of the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West 
Railway, forming with it the Cuban Through Mail Route. Its 
principal stations are 

Altamonte Springs, 138 miles from Jacksonville. Here is 
a large hotel encircled by bright lakes and the water of the 
many neighboring springs is claimed to possess peculiar medical 
properties. 

Maitland, 140 miles from Jacksonville, has the Park House, 
and 

Winter Park, 143 miles from Jacksonville, has the Seminole. 

ORLANDO is a thriving town 147 miles from Jacksonville. 
Within its limits are sixteen lakes, and orange-trees liorder 
its streets. The hotels are the Charleston, Magnolia, Wilcox 
and Windsor. 



56 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

KISSIMMEE, 165 miles from Jacksonville, is the head- 
quarters of the Disston Land Improvement and Drainage 
Company, which owns and is reclaiming and cultivating 
extensive tracts of land. The Tropical Hotel is beautifully 
situated on the shore of Lake Tohopekaliga. 

Bartow Junction, 193 miles from Jacksonville, is the point 
of departure of the branch of the railway which extends to 
Bartow, seventeen miles from the Junction. 

Lakeland, 208 miles from Jacksonville, is the junction of 
the Pemberton Ferry Branch, which extends from Pem- 
BERTON Ferry, forty-three miles north of Lakeland, through a 
rich orange country to Bartow, thirteen miles south of Lakeland. 

TAMPA, 240 miles from Jacksonville, is situated at the head 
of the excellent harbor formed by Tampa Bay. In its vicinity 
are groves of tropical fruit and pine-trees; the bay teems with 
many varieties of fish and sea fowl and deer abound on 'the 
neighboring islands. Steamers leave Tampa for Tarpon Springs, 
Key West and Havana. The hotels are the Plant House, St. 
James, Orange Grove, Palmetto and Collins. 

Second of the lines controlled by the Jacksonville, Tampa and 
Key West System is the 

FLORIDA SOUTHERN, 

A narrow gauge railway which extends westward from its con- 
nection with the main line of the Jacksonville, Tampa tS: Key 
West Railway at Palatka to Gainesville. P'rom Rochelle, just 
east of Gainesville and ninety-six miles from Jacksonville, the 
road extends south through Ocala to Leesburg, w-hence a line 
branches to Fort Mason, Eustis, Tavares and Lane Park. South 
from Leesburg the line extends to Brooksville, being connected 
from Pemberton by the Pemberton branch of the South Florida 
Railroad with its southern division which extends from Bartow to 
Punta Gorda, 324 miles from Jacksonville on Charlotte Harbor. 
This is the southernmost railway station in the Union and is within 
easy reach of the best tarpon fishing grounds. Operated in con- 



MAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



57 



nection with the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West System is 
also the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Halifax River Railway, 
extending- from Jacksonville to St. Augustine, thirty-seven miles, 
thence in a southwesterly direction to Palatka, whence it runs 
again to the southeast, extending to the settlements of Ormond 
(Hotel Ormond) and Daytona (Ocean House, Palmetto Hotel) in 
the fertile region of the Halifax River, where are luxuriant orange 
groves. 

THE PLANT SYSTEM 

Of railways and steamboat lines includes the Savannah, Florida 
& Western Railway, which from and by way of Chaltahooche, 
Albany and Savannah leads via W^aycross to Jacksonville and 
which also penetrates Florida by a spur extending from Dupont, 
Georgia, to Gainesville. The South Florida Railroad is a portion 
of this system, in connection with which are also operated lines of 
steamers running from Jacksonville to Sanford on the St. John's 
River; between Port Tampa and points on the Manatee River; 
between Appalachicola, points on the Appalachicola River, 
Columbus, Georgia, on the Chattahooche River, and Bainbridge, 
on the Flint River. It operates a line of steamers between Port 
Tampa and Mobile, and the Plant Line of Steamships, between 
Port Tampa, Key West and Havana, carries the West India 
Fast Mail. The St. John's River is also navigated by steamers 
of the DeBary Line, and boats run between Palatka and points 
on the Ocklawaha River. 

THE SUWANEE RIVER ROUTE 

Is the name applied to the Georgia Southern & Florida Railroad, 
which extends from Macon through the rich farming and wire 
grass region of Georgia to Lake City, Florida, via which point 
its trains run through to Jacksonville. From Lake City the line 
extends to Palatka, affording direct communication between 
Macon and the railwavs of southern Florida. 




tines. 



LA BAM A has an area of 
52,250 square miles. The 
southern part of the State 
is low and level, covered 
with forests of yellow pine and 
cypress. North of the pine 
forests the land becomes roll- 
ing and is principally devoted 
to the production of cotton. 
In the northeast is the hilly 
mineral district, where are exten- 
sive veins of iron, coal and lime- 
stone; plumbago, marble and granite 
so being obtained in considerable quan- 
■"rom this region the land slopes to a level 
at the Mississippi border, and in the extreme 
north of the State are the lower stretches of the 
Tennessee Valley, that contain large oak forests, and in which is 
grown corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, sugar and rice. In southern 
Alabama the climate is balmy and even. In the central belt 
the temperature is moderate and healthful; snow and ice being 
seldom seen in the State. The development of Alabama has 
been of extraordinary rapidity and is conspicuously evidenced 
by the continual construction and extension of railroad lines 
which find immediate employment in transporting the mineral 
products of the north, the agricultural products of the middle, 
and the timber of the southern portions of the State. 

ANNISTON, a town with 12,000 population, is sixty-four miles 
east of Birmingham, on the Georgia Pacific Railroad, and 142 
miles from Chattanooga, via the East Tennessee, Virginia & 
Georgia Railway. This city is literally built upon iron at the foot 
of the Blue Mountains, on the dividing line between the lime- 
stone and granite formations of Calhoun County. Iron ore, easily 
mined, is smelted and produced in finished forms by the furnaces 
and foundries of Anniston. In the immediate vicinity are vast 
deposits of coal and good supplies of yellow pine and hardwood 



HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 



59 



timber. The city has good railroad facilities and the Anniston 
Inn deserves special mention. 

BIRMINGHAM is 479 miles southwest of Cincinnati, from 
which it is reached via the Queen & Crescent Route or the Louis- 
ville & Nashville Railroad. By the latter line it is 394 miles from 
Louisville. This city, founded in 1871, now contains 30,000 inhab- 
itants. The location in the iron and coal belt of Alabama 
suggested its name, the propriety of which is justified by the 
prosperity of the city as a manufacturing center. It contains 
several rolling-mills, more than twenty blast furnaces and thou- 
sands of coke ovens, besides stove foundries, glass factories, car 
works and other manufacturing establishments. The city is well 
lighted, traversed by horse car and dummy lines, possesses fine 
business blocks, a handsome court house, schools, churches, 
banks, two opera houses, and a government building is in process 
of erection. Railroads radiate from Birmingham in every direc- 
tion. The hotels are the Caldwell House, the Florence, the 
Metropolitan and the Opera House Hotel. 

DECATUR is 417 miles from Cincinnati and 307 miles from 
Louisville, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and 122 
miles west of Chattanooga, via the Memphis & Charleston Divi- 
sion of the East Tennessee, Virginia vS: Georgia Railway. It 
increased from a village of 1,200 people in the early part of 1887 
to a city of 7,000 in the summer of 1889, with furnaces, iron mills, 
car works, lumber mills, banks, schools and newspapers. The 
Decatur Tavern, at New Decatur, one mile from the old town, is 
a new hotel. 

Other towns in the mineral district of Alabama that are becom- 
ing prominent as the sites of furnaces, mills and factories, are 
FoKT Payne, on the Queen & Crescent Route, 386 miles from 
Cincinnati, population, 4,000; Be.sse.mkk, 488 miles from Cincin- 
nati, from which it is reached either via the Queen (S: Crescent 
Route or Louisville & Nashville Railroad, population, 6,000; 
Sheffield, on the Tennessee River, 132 miles from Nashville, 
on the Sheffield branch of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 
population, 3,000. 



6o THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

HUNTSVILLE, 130 miles from Nashville, via the Nashville, 
Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway, and ninety-seven miles from 
Chattanooga, via the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Rail- 
way, is the oldest town in Alabama, was its first capital and 
remains the trade center of the agricultural region of the northern 
portion of the State. For many years it has been a favorite home 
of wealthy planters and it is now regarded as a healthful resort. 
From the edge of the city rises Monte Sano, a continuation of 
the Cumberland Mountains, that at an elevation of 1,800 feet 
above sea-level is surmounted by an extensive plateau, where is 
the excellent Hotel Monte Sano, from which radiate fifteen miles 
of mountain driveways commanding picturesque views and lead- 
ing by romantic rocky scenery. Within the city is the new 
Huntsville Hotel, which is peopled every winter by visitors from 
Northern cities, who find the exhilarating air, cultured resident 
population and beautiful drives much to their taste. The popu- 
lation of Huntsville is 5,000. The streets are regularly laid out, 
well lighted and the entire city is supplied with delicious water 
from a spring that forces 250,000 gallons per day from under a 
ledge of rocks within one hundred yards of the public square. In 
the vicinity of Huntsville is good hunting and fishing, and two 
miles from the city are Shelta Caverns, the beauties of which 
have but recently been recognized. 

MONTGOMERY, the capital of Alabama since 1846 (popu- 
lation 18,000), is situated on bluffs above the Alabama River 600 
miles from Cincinnati and 490 miles from Louisville, via the 
Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and 175 miles from Atlanta, 
via the Atlanta & West Point Railroad. South of its confines 
fertile prairie lands merge into the forests of yellow pine which 
extend to the gulf; to the northward are forests of greatly diver- 
sified woods and a variety of minerals. The city is the distrib- 
uting point for an extensive territory; a heavy shipper of cotton 
in various directions by rail and by steamboat on the Alabama 
River, which is navigable during the entire year to Mobile, and it 
is the site of manv manufacturing establishments. It has fine 



HAND-BOOK. OF THE SOUTH. gj 

water-works, wide, well lighted and well shaded streets and 
several noteworthy public buildings. On the steps of the State 
House, Jefferson Davis was inaugurated President of the Con- 
federacy, and the building served for a time as the Confederate 
Capitol. The hotels are the Windsor, flxchange and Merchants. 
MOBILE, one of the most charming of Southern cities, is 
situated on the Mobile River at the head of Mobile Bay, 780 miles 
from Cincinnati and 670 miles from Louisville, via the Louisville 
& Nashville Railroad. It is also 135 miles by the Mobile & Ohio 
Railroad from Meridian, where connection is made with the Queen 
& Crescent Route. The city is built on a sandy plain that is 
bounded a few miles from the river by high and beautiful hills, 
which are connected with the city by a steam dummy line and 
shell driveway. Its population is 32,000, principally engaged in 
the receipt and shipment of cotton, coal, coffee and lumber, and 
also in certain lines of manufacture. The streets are broad and 
well shaded. There arc many handsome public buildings and 
on the residence streets are well kept lawns with a profusion of 
flowers. The shell road that extends for nine miles along the 
head of the bay is one of the famous drives of the countrv. 
Settled in the early part of the eighteenth century, Mobile was 
for years the capital of the French colony of Louisiana. During 
the Civil War it was a stronghold of the Confederacy, not yield- 
ing until three days after the surrender of General Lee. The 
principal hotels are the Battle House and Hotel Royal. The soil 
being dry and sandy, and as there is nearly always a mild breeze 
from the sea, the city is free from malaria and is an excellent place 
of sojourn for sufferers from consumption and pneumonia. It is 
supplied with an abundance of pure, spring water brought from 
Clear Creek, eleven miles north of the city, through a twenty-four 
inch main, in which there is maintained a constant pressure of 
ninety pounds. The street car system of Mobile covers the entire 
city and suburbs, and there are several wt-il ci|uipped livery 
stables. 




MOBILE. 
62 




— VVV^ISSISSIPPI has an area of 

"" 46,810 square miles. The land 

directly bordering,' Mississippi 

Sound, \vhich is the name of 

that portion of tlic Gulf of 

Mexico which touches the 

State, is low, meadows and 

broad savannas alternating; 

with (proves and fields pro- 

i -■ p-'v'^.; >^v,xiV^j -^#5: ductivc of peaches, oranges, 

'^t- .-S )" ^.*^-«t^-;^ -^-:- figs and other tropical fruit. 

This low land, extending irregu- 
larly into the sound, gives the coast a varied contour, and is 
penetrated by many bayous and rivers. In this southern section 
the climate, by reason of the gulf winds and the protecting influ- 
ence of the pine woods which cover the receding sandy level, is 
even and delightful, as is attested by the ever increasing popu- 
larity of the delightful resorts that skirt the coast. Bay St. Louis, 
Pass Christian, Mississippi City, Biloxi and Ocean Springs, 
separated each from another by but a few miles, so that it is 
possible for a yachting party to make the tour of them all in a 
single day, have for decades been favorite summer homes for 
residents of New Orleans and Mobile, and in recent years have 
grown in esteem as winter retreats of families from the North, 
who find the surroundings congenial and the proximity to the two 
Southern cities an additional attraction. From the pine woods 
are obtained vast quantities of turpentine and rosin. Farther 
back the surface is rolling, without at any place attaining a high 
elevation, and it is covered with fields of cotton, of which this 
State produces more than any other in the L'nion. Sugar, rice, 
corn, sweet potatoes and tol^acco are also grown in consitlerable 
quantities, the alluvial lands immediately bordering the Missis- 
sippi River being especially noted for their great fertility. 
Although the climate of the northern section is more variable 
than tluit of the (ailf coast, snow is a very infrequent visitor. 



64 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

JACKSON, the capital of Mississippi, built upon rolling 
ground on the left bank of the Pearl River, is ninety-six miles 
west of Meridian and forty-four miles east of Vicksburg, via the 
Queen & Crescent Route, and 183 miles north of New Orleans, 
on the Illinois Central Railroad. The State House, with a library 
of 15,000 volumes; the Executive Mansion, and State Institutions 
for the Insane, Deaf, Dumb and Blind, are at Jackson. Its popu- 
lation is 6,000 and the principal hotel the Edwards House. 
Jackson was the scene of a bitter contest between forces under 
General Grant and General Johnston at the time of its capture 
by the Federal army on May 14th, 1863. 

MERIDIAN, surrounded by forests of pine and the distrib- 
uting point for a rich agricultural region, is a prosperous city of 
10,000 inhabitants, with street cars, electric lights and water-works. 
It is 295 miles from Chattanooga and 630 miles from Cincinnati, 
via the Queen & Crescent Route. Hotel St. Charles. 

NATCHEZ is situated sixty miles south of Vicksburg on a 
bluff two hundred feet above the Mississippi River and ninety- 
nine miles southwest of Jackson, via the Natchez, Jackson & 
Columbus Division of the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Rail- 
way. On the narrow lowland bordering the river is a portion of 
the city called " Natchez-under-the-Hill," which is connected by 
broad well-graded roads with the beautifully shaded residence 
portion known as "Natchez-on-the-Hill," where are the homes of 
many prosperous planters. A park occupies the brow of the bluff. 
Natchez was founded by the Frenchman, D'lberville, in 1700, 
taking its name from the tribe of Indians of noble character and 
romantic history. Its population is about 10,000, engaged in com- 
merce by river, in cotton and batting mills and the manufacture 
of artificial ice. The principal hotel is the Bonturas. 

VICKSBURG, the chief city of Mississippi, is also the prin- 
cipal city between Memphis and New Orleans, from either of 
which it is distant about 400 miles by the Mississippi River. Via 
the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Railway it is 220 miles 
south of Memphis, 235 miles north of New Orleans, and via the 



IIAXD-BOOK OF THK SOUTH. 



65 



Queen & Crescent Route it is 140 miles west of Meridian. Its 
population is about 13,000, and its principal business the shipment 
of cotton. The Walnut Hills, on which the city is situated, 500 
feet above the river, display the finest scenery of the Lower Mis- 
sissippi. The siege of X'icksburg, by General Grant, was one of 
the most prominent events of the war between the States, and 
just above the city is a cemetery containing the bodies of 16,000 
soldiers, the greatest number buried at any one place in the 
country. The hotels arc the Pacific House, X'icksburn and Wash- 
ington Hotels and Washington E.xchange. 

OCEAN SPRINGS, on the eastern shore of the Bay of 
Biloxi, marks tlie i)i)int of the first French settlement of Biloxi. 
With the removal of the original colony it lapsed into oblivion in 
so far as historical records are concerned, but it is now a village 
of pleasant resort, fifty-seven miles from Mobile and eighty-four 
miles from New Orleans, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. 
Its present name is derived from two springs of mineral water on 
the southern bank of Fort Bayou. The beautiful and healthful 
situation on rolling hummock land, the drives through the pine 
woods, the facilities for fishing and hunting, have caused Ocean 
Springs to become the winter home of many people from Northern 
cities. In the vicinity are orchards of pear, peach and fig trees, 
fields of strawberries and extensive vegetable gardens. The 
Ocean Springs Hotel is an excellent hostelry, and near it are 
many cottages. Sixteen miles east of Ocean Springs is Scranton, 
or East Pascagoula, at the mouth of the Pascagoula River, whose 
waters, on their way to the gulf, give forth strange sounds, at 
times rising and falling in a murmur, at others furiously roaring 
as the rush of mighty wind. This weird phenomenon, similar to 
that displayed at places on the southern coast of France, and 
ascribable, perhaps, to the peculiar muscular vibration of certain 
fishes, is widely known as the "mysterious music of Pascagoula." 

BILOXI has ten miles of shell-paved drives along Mississipj)! 
Sound and the Bay of liiloxi. For the entertainment of Southern 
summer visitors and Northern winter tourists are several hotels, 



66 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

principal of which is the Montross. Other hotels are the Bossel 
and the Fairview, and there are many Ijoarding-houses and cot- 
tages. In the wooded country back of the town are to be found 
deer and wild turkey; the bay, the adjoining flats and the streams 
leading thereto afford good duck and snipe shooting in the winter, 
and the bay and its tributary streams abound in green trout or 
bass, speckled sea-trout, red-fish and sheepshead. The sound 
channels contain at times the Spanish mackerel and the pompano, 
and farther out are quantities of the redsnapper, grouper and 
blue-fish. Biloxi, founded by D'Iberville in 1699, on the eastern 
coast of the bay, and removed to its present location in 17 19, was 
the first capital of the French possessions in the Mississippi 
Valley. It is sixty-one miles from Mobile and eighty miles from 
New Orleans, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. The 
shrimp and oyster industries are here extensively engaged in. 
At Biloxi is the Howard Academy and churches of several 
denominations. 

MISSISSIPPI CITY is the name given by its founders in 
1835 to what was intended to be the seaport of the State of 
Mississippi. It has become, however, not an important maritime 
mart, but a pleasant village whose delightful climate and fine 
view of the gulf attracts during the summer, residents from the 
Southern cities and during the winter visitors from the North. 
Within Mississippi City are several vineyards; in its vicinity are 
nut-bearing groves in which the squirrel tempts the marksman's 
skill, streams inhabited by trout and the adjacent portion of the 
sound is famous for its mackerel and exciting tarpon fishing. 
Mississippi City is seventy miles from Mobile and seventy-one 
miles from New Orleans, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. 
The principal hotel is the Gulf View. Immediately east is Beau- 
voir, the home of Jefferson Davis. 

PASS CHRISTIAN is situated on Mississippi Sound and 
the eastern shore of Bay St. Louis, eighty-two miles from Mobile 
and fifty-nine miles from New Orleans, via the Louisville & 
Nashville Railroad. It is a verv ancient village, surrounded with 



HAND-IJOOK OF Till-: SOL'Tll. 67 

primeval forests of pine and live-oak, interspersed with the 
glistening^ foliajij-e of the magnolia grandiflora, and is well known 
as one of the most fashionable summer watering-places and win- 
ter resorts of the South. The frontage of six miles on Mississippi 
Sound is lined by a broad, shell-paved and well shaded avenue 
that is bordered by many handsome villas. The principal hotel 
is the Mexican Gulf. Accommodations can also be secured at 
many smaller hostelries and boarding-houses. At Pass Christian 
is an Episcopal Seminary for young ladies; also churches and 
schools, and it is the site of Fort Henry, where the Mississippi 
State troops liolcl their annual encampment. 

BAY ST. LOUIS, founded by French followers of D'lbcr\ ille 
in 1700, is a village skirting Mississippi Sound and the western 
shore of the bay from which it takes its name. For many years 
a favorite summer resort of the refined Creole population of 
New Orleans, it is becoming the winter home of many people from 
the North, for whose accommodation a number of the excellent 
boarding-houses are kept open the year round. Magnolias, cape 
jessamine and the camelia japonica grow here in great profusion. 
They are gathered in the bud and shipped to all parts of the 
country. Terrapin, soft-shell crabs and oysters are found near 
the shore. Bay St. Louis is eighty-nine miles from Mobile and 
fifty-two miles from New (Orleans, via the Louisville «.S: Nashville 
Railroad. Adjacent is 

WAVELAND, the summer home of many New Orleans mer- 
chants, as attractive as Bay St. Louis, with which it is connected 
by a beautiful shell-road that skirts the bay for eight miles, 
extending the entire length of both towns. 




EW ORLEANS, the ch.ef 

city of the Southern States, 
is situated on the Mississippi 
River, loo miles above its mouth. 
It is 826 miles from Cincinnati, 
from which it is reached via the 
Queen & Crescent Route and the 
Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Via 
the latter line it is 810 miles from 
Louisville. With a population of 
243,000 people, New Orleans is the 
"•"■" first cotton market and one of the 

principal maritime ports of the world, exporting, besides cotton, 
large cjuantities of sugar, rice, tobacco, flour and pork; importing 
coffee, sugar and other products. The Eads jetties permit the 
largest ocean steamships to come directly to the city wharves. 
The climate of New Orleans is more variable than that of the 
Southern cities lying farther east. Its winters, however, are 
usually genial and warm, and with the peculiar stir of the city's 
winter life make it peculiarly attractive to visitors from the 
North. The site of the city slopes from the great levee which 
protects it from the river, and the streets in the modern quarter 
are broad and handsome. That portion of New Orleans within 
the bend of the river is the old town, whence is derived its 
sobriquet of the "Crescent City." Here the streets are narrow, 
lined with buildings of quaint architecture; and here is the 
" French Market," famous as one of the most picturesque sights 
of America. To the French Opera House, which seats 2,000 
people and is fitted up in the style of the Theatre Francais, are 
brought the best French opera companies that come to America. 
The Grand Opera House is a pretty theatre, the St. Charles 
Theatre has a good stock company, and the Academy of Music 
is the usual place for variety performances. The city is famous 
for its gorgeous pageants and balls during the holidays and the 
carnival season that precedes Lent, and it is also famous for the 




NEW ORLEANS (Business Portion) 
69 




NEW ORLEANS 



HAND-BOOK Ol' TIIK SOUTH. 



71 



races held at short intervals. Williin a few in'nes of tlic citv bv 
rail or by the shell road is West End, the Coney Island of New 
Orleans. Spanish Fort is also a popular resort. The most 
prominent buildings are the Custom House, the United States 
Mint, City Hall, Court House, Cotton K.xchange, Masonic Hall, 
Odd Fellows' Hall, St. Patrick's Hall, Exposition Hall, Mechanics' 
Institute, the Charity Hospital and the Hotel Dieu. Most noted 
of the churches are the Cathedral of St. Louis, frescoed by 
Canova and Rossi; the churches of St. John the Baptist, and St. 
Patrick, also Catholic; Trinity, Christ and St. Paul's, Episcopal; 
the First Presbyterian; McGhee Church, Methodist Episcopal, 
and the Temple Sinai, Hebrew. There are ten public squares in 
New Orleans, and several handsome statues, the most conspicuous 
being the equestrian monument to General Jackson. The ceme- 
teries are especially worthy of a visit, as the tombs, some of which 
are costly and beautiful structures, arc all above ground. New 
Orleans was surveyed by De la Tour in 1717. and incorporated as 
a city of the United States in 1804. On January 8th, 181 5, the 
British were defeated by General Jackson at a spot now marked 
by a marble monument four and one-half miles south of Canal 
Street. On April 24th, 1862, the city was captured by the P'cderal 
Admiral Farragut and subsequently placed under martial law 
by General Benjamin F. Butler. The hotels of New Orleans 
are the St. Charles, the Royal, Vonderbancks, the City Hotel, 
Denechaud's and Cassidy's, and for colored people the Hotel 
des Etrangcrs. Of the many excellent restaurants are Moreau's. 
Victor's, the Cosmopolitan and Antoine's. Among the many 
clubs are the Pickwick, Louisiana, Boston, Harmony. Union, 
the Shakespeare, the Social Club and the Jockey Club. The 
street cars of New Orleans all start from Canal Street and 
reach nearly every point in the city, charging the uniform faro of 
five cents. Cabs and carriages may be hired at the various 
stands at the rate of seventy-five cents for one or two persons 
per mile (twelve squares), or two dollars for the first and one 
dollar and a half for the second hour or fractional part thereof. 



Through Train Schedules. 

INCLUDED in the tables printed on the following 
pages are the principal stations reached by the 
Pennsylvania Lines, their distances from terminal cit- 
ies, the time of trains and a summary of the through 
car service in effect at the time this book was placed 
on the press. The system of through car service 
seldom undergoes radical alteration, but it is custom- 
ary to make each Spring and Autumn such changes 
as the conditions of the traffic necessitate. The time 
of trains is made quicker, the through car service is 
increased and extended and new trains are added 
as circumstances justify. Therefore, for exact and 
definite information regarding the time of trains and 
connections at the time a journey is contemplated, 
application should be made to one of the representa- 
tives of the Passenger Department named on page 
83, who will also quote rates of fare and give an}- 
further particulars that may be desired regarding a 
journey in any direction. The maps of New York 
and Chicago are included in these pages because of 
the general importance of those cities. 



"the: peinnsvlvania lineis 



Mir 



' Buffalo " Canandaigu 



W I S .h?!HI|ni;\\fflmrai.d Rapid, ^, l^, 



Albany^ 

/Miiv.'ili'k',i^;-',')Mr -"" o,.^uB,u. p„ r^^^ -^ y N E w ■ Y O R K 

JUdison ( ,„ /, v'l/// MICH ■ ^,/ISp^l/ / i^- ^A-^ 

Kalamazoo ^'''°'UL°_ Q,^^ V,^^ ^^ / ^■^■' 



■1,1 "■« ^^^ r„,L"*'^/ '-< ._,.-rv^ ,2:^^^^^ »• _ (f»- i. — ^>i — i-i— ' "-^ 




7 



/ W . ^ V A 

W^ ^ V Charktiton j 

^ ^^ ' V^w..s,.,p.y 



CINCINNRTI .^^ CHlCftGO 

SHORT 1-1 NE. 



TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. 



CHICAGO TO CINCINNATI. 



CINCINNATI TO CHICAGO. 

















- = 




From the Pennsyl- 
vania Passenger 
Station, Chicago, 
central time. 

Lv. Chicago 

Lv. Logansport . .. 

Lv. Kokomo 

Lv. Eiwood 

Lv. Anderson 

Lv. New Castle. .. 
Lv. Richmond 


TRAIN 

No. 18. 

DAILY. 


TRAIN 

No. 10. 

DAILY. 


.J 2 

s 3 


From the Pennsyl- 
vania Passenger 
Station, Cincinnati 

CENTRAL time. 


train 
No. 19. 

DAILY. 


TRAIN 
No. 3. 
DAILY. 


117 


9.00 am 
12.40 pm 
1.22 pm 
1.51 pm 
2.18 pm 
2.49 pm 
3.35 pm 
4.05 pm 
5.00 pm 
6.15 pm 


8.20 pm 
12.45 am 
1.30 am 
2.10 am 
2.36 am 
3.13 am 
4.10 am 
4.43 am 
5.35 am 
7.00 am 


31 

58 
74 
101 
123 
137 
159 
182 
299 


Lv. Cincinnati 

Ar. Hamilton 


7.55 am 
9.10 am 
10 . 10 am 
10.40 am 
11.24 am 
11.56 am 
12.21 pm 
12.50 pm 
1.30 pm 
5.10 pm 


8.50 pm 
10.00 pm 
10.50 pm 


140 
101 
17G 
197 
224 
241 
209 
299 


Ar. Richmond. . . . 
Ar. New Castle — 

Ar. Anderson 

Ar. Eiwood 

Ar. Kokomo 

Ar. Logansport . . . 
Ar. Chicago 


11.20 pm 

12 . 22 am 

12 . 59 am 

1.28 am 

2.15 am 


Lv. Hamilton 

Ar. Cincinnati .... 


3.00 am 
7.30 am 



Train No. i8 and Train No. 19 carry Passenger Coaches and Pullman Parlor Cars; Train 
No. 10 and Train No. 3, Passenger Coaches and Pullman Sleeping Cars through between Chicago 
and Cincinnati without change. 



the: peinnsvlvania linbs 



Uuffalo 'CwvuiOilsu. 



Orund Rapids 

,l'^ ' i''V HIGH. i3^)Jj> o-'-K ^^^EW YORK 



P E Is.'^ N 



^^r S..--4 






W. V A. 

Cliwltstwn 



TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. 



CHICAGO TO LOUISVILLE. 



LOUISVILLE TO CHICAGO. 





From the Pennsyl- 






1 a IFrOM THE PeNNSTL- 


^=- 




'"^ -e 


vania Passenger 


No. 18. 




' r VANIA PaSSENGEB 




tkain 


2 = 


Station, Chicago. 




S .- Station, Louisville 


No. ly. 


No. 3. 


'^ 


CENTEAL TIME. 


DAILY. 


DAILY. 

8.20 pm 


_f ^ 


central time. 


daily. 


DAILY. 




Lv. Chicago 


9.00 am 


Lv. Louisville 


7.. 30 am 


7. 35 pm 
7.44 pm 
9.02 pm 
9., 35 pill 
9. .52 pm 
10.(»!i pm 
10.,-)0pm 


117 


Lv. Logansport. .. 


12.4."i pni 


12.."> am 


4 


Ar. Jeffersonville.. . 


7.39 am 


140 


Lv. Kokonio 


!..'!(• pm 


1 .4."> am 


51 


Ar. .Seymour 


9.07 am 


194 


Lv. Indianapolis . . 


3..")."> pm 


3.r>.") am 


09 


Ar. Columbus 


9.40 am 


214 


Lv. Franklin 


4.;j4 pm 


4.. 34 am 


79 


Ar. Edinburg 


10.a3am 


22.) 


Lv. Eclinburg 


4.49 pm 


4.49 am j 


89 


Ar. Franklin 


10.20 am 


23,^. 


Lv. Columbus 


.").1() pm 


5.10 am 


iin 


.\r. Indianapolis. 


11.00 am 


25.3 


Lv. Seymour 


5.4.") pm 


5. .37 am 


1(U 


.•\r. Kokomo 


12.45 pm 


302 


Lv. Jeffersonville. 


7.21 pm 1 


7.0()am 


187 


Ar. Logansport . .. 


1 . 25 pm 


2.10 am 


:J()4 


Ar. Louisville 


7. .30 pm 1 


7.1.') am 1 


304 Ar. Chicago | 


5.10 pm 


7.. 30 am 



Train No. 18 and Train No. 19 carry Passenger Caches and I'ennsylvania Parlor Cars: 
Train No. 10 and Train No. 3. F'asscnger Coaches an.l Pullman .Sleeping Cars thn.ugli JR-twei-n 
Chicago and Louisville without change. 



the: peinnsvlvania lines, 



I'MiiiiiiimM : — 

I S /' '- ■ "(iian.lRapi'i" 




"■ "'"•*^«t X ' ' /\ White sulphur/ 

Z' P;.A, Bro,, 



. THE "ML VERNON 
PAN HANDLE ROUTE." 



TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. 



CLEVELAND TO CINCINNATI. 



CINCINNATI TO CLEVELAND. 



- u 


From the Union 

Depot on the Lake 

FROM Cleveland. 

central time. 


DAY 

EXPRESS. 
EX. SUN. 


NIGHT 

EXPRESS. 

DAILY. 




From the Penn- 
sylvania Passenger 
Station, Cincinnati 

CENTRAL time. 


day 
express. 

EX. sun. 


NIGHT 

EXPRESS. 

DAILY. 




Lv. Cluveland 


8.00 am 


S.OO pm 




Lv. Cincinnati — 


8 , 00 am 


8.00 pm 


-T) 


Lv. Hudson 


9.05 am 


9.05 pm 


65 


Ar. Xenia 


9.55 am 


10.00 pm 


3!l 




9.35 am 
10.30 am 


9.35 pm 
10.32 pm 


119 
104 


Ar. Columbus 

Ar. Mt. Vernon.. .. 


11.25 am 
12.55 pm 


11.40 pm 
1 . 54 am 


Ki 


Lv. OrrviUc 


.s" 


Lv. Millersburg . .. 


11.21 am 


11.20 pm 


170 


Ar. Gambler 


1.06 pm 


2.05 am 


120 


L.v. Gambicr 


12.33 pm 


12.34 am 


203 


Ar. Millersburg.. .. 


2.17 pm 


3.23 am 


120 


Lv. Mt. Vernon . .. 


1.03 pm 


12.52 am 


227 


Ar. Orrville 


3.10 pm 


4.20 am 


170 


Ar. Columbus .... 


2.30 pm 


2.30 am 


250 


Ar. .\kron 


4.01 pm 


5.16 am 


"•'5 


Ar. Xenia 


4.30 pm 
0.30 pm 


5 00 am 


2G4 




4.32 pm 
5.40 pm 




290 


Ar. Cincinnati 


7.10 am 


290 


Ar. Cleveland 


7.00 am 



The Day Express trains carry Passenger Coaches and the Night E.xpress trains I'uHmaii 
Sleeping Cars through between Cleveland and Cincinnati without change in either direction. 



H 



PEINNSVLVANIA LINEIS 



VV J s 

MadisoD 







CINCINNATI AND THE EAST. 



The fast express trains of the Pennsylvania Lines run 
■'■ directly from Cincinnati to Columbus; to Pittsburgh, Cresson 
and Altoona, the key to the beautiful retreats of the Allei^heny 
Mountains; to Philadelphia, which is but a few hours' ride from 
Atlantic City, Cape May, Lon<^ Branch and other resorts of the 
New Jersey Coast, and to New York, where connection is made 
with trains for the Catskills, the Atlirondacks, the (ireen and 
White Mountains, all cities, towns and the other places of resort 
in New P^ngland, and with the palatial steamers of the I'\ill Ri\er 
Line for Newport, Fall Ri\'er and Boston, for .^Lu■tha's X'ineyaiil 
and Nantucket, for the resorts of Cape Cod and those I art her 
north. 

The approximate time of trains, with a schedule of thi(>UL;h 
Pullman slecpinq' and dining car ser\'ice, is given on the two 
following pages. 



H 



PEINNSVLVANIA LINEIS 



TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. 



VIA CINCINNATI TO THE EAST. 



3G.3 
04. 7 
94.4 
119.4 
119.4 
152.4 
187.9 
•201.'. 1 
218 4 
219.8 
209.1 
312.4 
312.4 
312.4 
343 5 
391.2 
414.2 
429.1 
500.7 
560.7 



G45.4 
688.4 



666.0 
756.0 



From Pennsylvania Station, 

Cincinnati, 
central time. 



Lv. Cincinnati 

Lv. Morrow 

Lv. Xenia 

Lv. London 

Ar. Columbus '. 

Lv. Columbus 

Lv. Newark 

Lv. Coshocton 

Lv. New Comerstown 

Lv. Uhrichsville Junction 

Lv. Dennison 

Lv. Steubenville 

Ar. Pittsburgh Central Time. 

Ar. Pittsburgh Eastern Time. 

Lv. Pittsburgh Eastern Time. 

Lv. Greensburg 

Lv. Johnstown 

Lv. Cresson 

Lv. Altoona 

Ar. Harrisburg 

Lv. Harrisburg 



TRAIN 

No. 6. 

DAILY. 



Ar. Baltimore . . . 
Ar. Washington . 



Ar. Philadelphia. 
Ar. New York ... 



Ar. Brooklyn , 



8.00 am 
9.10 am 
10.00 am 
10.40 am 
11.2.') am 
1 1 . 3.") am 
12.35 pm 
1.34 pm 
2.02 pm 
2.30 pm 
2.40 pm 
4.10 pm 
5.55 pm 
6.55 pm 
7.15 pm 



10.55 pm 
2.25 am 
2.30 am 



5.15 am 
6.30 am 



5.25 am 
8.00 am 



8.15 am 



TRAIN 

No. 20. 

DAILY. 

4 30 pm 
5.38 pm 
6.45 pm 
7.31 pm 
S.IO pm 
8.20 pm 
9.20 pm 



11.05 pm 
12.29 am 
2.10 avii 
3.10 am 
3.20 am 



am 



7.05 am 
10.30 am 
10.35 am 



TRAIN 

No. 2. 

DAILY. 

8.00 pm 

9.10 pm 

10.05 pm 

10.. 55 pm 

11.40 pm 

11.45 pm 

12.45 am 

1 . 45 am 

2.12 am 

2.45 am 

2.55 am 

4.18 am 

0.00 am 

7.00 am 

7.15 am 



1 . 15 pm 
2.25 pm 



1.25 pm 
4.00 pm 



10.40 am 
1.55 pm 
2.00 pm 

4.40 pm 
5 . 55 pm 

4.45 pm 
7.00 pm 



TRAIN 

No. 8. 

DAILY. 

8.00 pm 

9.10 pm 

10.05 pm 

10.55 pm 

11.40 pm 

11.45 pm 

12.45 am 

1.45 am 

2.12 am 

2.45 am 

2.55 am 

4 IS am 

0.(X) am 

7.00 am 

8.00 am 

8.58 am 

10.13 am 

11.02 am 

11.50 am 

3.20 pm 

3.40 pm 

6.45 pm 
8.15 pm 

0.50 pm 
9.35 pm 



4.15 pm 1 7.15 pm i 0.45 pm 



TR.MN No. 6— Has Pullman Vestibule Sleeping Cars from Cincinnati to New York and from 
Columbus to Washington and New York: Pullman \'estibule Dining Cars Columbus to Pittsburgh. 

TR.A.IN No. 20— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Buffet Cars from Memphis. Louisville 
and Cincinnati to New York; Pullman Dining Car Columbus to Newark and Pennsylvania Dining 
Car Altoona to New York; Buffet Parlor Car Harrisburg to Washington. 

TRAIN No. 2— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Car from Cincinnati to New 
York, running from Pittsburgh east in the Pennsylvania Limited; Buffet Parlor Car Harrisljurg to 
Baltimore and Washington. 

TRAIN No. 8— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Cars from Cincinnati to New 
York and Pittsburgh to Washington; Pullman Buffet Parlor Car Pittsburgh to New York. 



the: peinnsvlvania l_inbs 



TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. 



FROM THE EAST VIA CINCINNATI. 



195.3 
326.0 
341.8 
3a5.G 
412.5 
443. C 
443. G 
443. G 
48G.9 
53G.2 
537. G 
553.9 
5G8.1 
581.5 
G03.G 
fiSG.G 
G3G.G 
GGl.G 
Gill 3 
719.7 
75G.0 



Eastern Time. 



Lv. New York. 



Lv. Brooklyn. 



Lv. Philadelphia . 



Lv. Washington. 
Lv. Baltimore . . . 



Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Ar. 
Ar. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Lv. 
Ar. 
Lv. 
Ar. 
Ar. 
Ar. 
Ar. 



Harrisburg 

Altoona 

Crssson 

Johnstown 

Greensburg 

Pittsburgh Eastern Time. 

Pittsburgh Central Time. 

Pittsburgh Central Time. 

Steubenville 

Dennison 

Uhrichsville Junction 

New Coniersto wn 

Coshocton 

Trinway 

Newark 

Columbus 

Columbus 

London 

Xenia 

Morrow 

Cincinnati 



TRAIN 
No. 5. 
DAILY. 



TRAIN 

No.l. 

DAILY. 



10.00 am 



9.40 am ' 8.40 am 



12.20 pm 



10.50 am 
11.45 am 



11.40 am 



10.. 10 am 
11.45 am 



9.30 pni 
8.30 pm 
8.55 pm 
10.2Gpm 
12.02 am 



am 
am 



2.05 am 
3.00 am 
3.15 am 
4.10 am 
5.00 am 
5.55 am 
7 . 10 am 



9.34 pm 
10.. Vi pm 
11.55 pm 
10..". pni 
11.15 pm 
12.49 am 

2.15 am 



2.. 53 am 
3.20 am 
3.44 am 
4 30 am 
5.30 am 
7.25 am 
8.0G am 
8.50 am 
9.40 am 
10.50 am 



TRAIN 

No. a. 

DAILY. 



2.00 pm 



1.40 pm 



4.25 pm 



3.30 pm 
4.32 pm 



7.20 pm 
10.45 pm 



2.00 am 
1.00 am 
1.15 am 



4.15 am 



6.10 am 
7.05 am 
7.25 aiM 
8.0G am 
8.50 am 
9.40 am 
10.. 50 am 



TRAIN 

No. 9. 

DAILY. 



6.30 pm 



6.00 pm 
9.20 pm 



7.40 pm 
8.45 pm 



12.25 am 
4.10 am 



5.23 am 
G.42 am 
7.45 am 
G.45 am 
7 . 10 am 
8.5G am 

11.00 am 
11.05 am 
11.35 am 

12.01 pm 
12.;«) pm 

1.30 pm 
2.. 30 pm 
2..'iO pm 
3.40 pm 
4.30 pm 
5.22 pm 
6.30 pm 



TR.MN No. :— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Car from New York to Cin- 
cinnati, which is carried as far as Pittsburgh in the Pennsylvania Limited ; Buffet Parlor Car from 
Washington and Baltimore to Harrisburg. 

TRAIN .No. I— Has Pullman Vestibule Buffet Sleeping Cars from New York and Pittsburgh to 
Columbus. 

TRAIN No. 9— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Cars from New York to 
Cincinnati and from Washington and Baltimore to Pittsburgh and Columbus; Pennsylvania Dining 
Car New York to Philadelphia and Pullman Dining Car Pittsburgh to Columbus. 

TRAIN No. 21— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Car from New York to Cincinnati 
and Pullman Parlor Car from Washington to Harrisburg; Pennsylvania Dining Car I'hiladelphia 
to .\ltoona, and Pullman Dining Car Newark to Columbtis. 







^- i V .ji;^ 







XHE de:l_ighxful_ 



Summer Resorts of Northern Michigan 



FREACHEID BV "THE 



GRAND RAPIDS & INDIANA RAILROAD 

"the: fishing line:." 



Grand Rapids & Indiana 

RAI l_ROAD 

"THE FISHING LINE." 




Mackinac Island 



and the many resorts reached therefrom- 



CHENEAUX ISLANDS. 



etc. 

HARBOR POINT, 
.RLEVOIX, etc. 
located in the immediate neighborhood, 
and neighboring Resorts -OMEN A. OLD MISSION, 
ELK RAPIDS, etc. 

The many lal<es and streams afford the finest of fisliing— the brook trout, the celebrated grayling, 
black bass and other varieties of game fish. 

Through Sleeping Cars are run between CINCINNATI. PETOSKEV and MACKINAW. Also 
between CHICAGO and PETOSKEY and MACKINAW, via the Mich. Cent. R. R. and Kalamazoo. 

Tourist Tickets can be purchased to any of the above points at reduced rates. 

For descriptive matter, time cards and full information, address 

C. L. LOCKWOOD, gen l passr and ticket agent, grand rapids, MICH. 



Petoskey.t' Bay \new-^^.^l^<^{s"^^c^> 
Traverse City 



Information regarding Routes, Rates and Through Car Facilities will be furnished by 
any of the following named representatives of 

the: peinnsvlvania linbs. 



F. VAN DUSEN Chief Assistant General Passenger Agent Pittsburgh, Pa 

J. H. LUCE Assistant General Passenger Agent Chicago. Ill 

J. M. CHESBROUGH Assistant General Passenger Agent St. Louis, Mo 

H.R, DERING Assistant General Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind 

C.L. KIMBALL Assistant General Passenger Agent Cleveland. O. 

Assistant General Passenger Agent Cincinnati. O. 

GEO. E. FARRINGTON General Agent Terre Haute. Ino 

FOR THE INTERIOR STATES. 

J. G. RUPLE District Passenger Agent Columbus. O. 

SAMUEL MOODY District Passenger Agent Pittsburgh. Pa 

A. F. READ City Passenger Agent Pittsburgh, Pa 

SAMUEL A. MYERS Traveling Passenger Agent Pittsburgh. Pa 

J. G. TOM LIN SON PASSENGER Agent Wheeling, W. Va 

WM. HUNTER City Passenger Agent Columbus. O 

H. D. KILGORE TRAVELING PASSENGER AGENT ALLIANCE. O 

D. L. SMITH Traveling Passenger Agent Columbus. O 

c! C. HAINES Traveling Passenger Agent Dayton. O 

J.W. CAMPBELL Traveling Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind 

GEO. E. ROCKWELL Local Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind 

T. R. WILT City Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind 

CHAS. H. MIXER Traveling Passenger Agent ; Terre Haute, Ind 

F. W. BUSK IRK City Passenger Agent Cincinnati, O 

G. G. BE LTZ HOOVER City Passenger Agent Chicago. Ill 

G. W. METZGER LOCAL PASSENGER Agent Chicago. Ill 

FRED L. DAVIS City Passenger Agent St. Louis. Mo 

C. L. NESBIT Traveling Passenger Agent Richmond. Ind 

J. G. MAN LOVE, JR Traveling Passenger Agent Springfield. \l). 

F. M. BUSHONG Traveling Passenger Agent Detroit. Mich 

D. C. MACWATTERS City Passenger Agent Cleveland, O 

FOR THE WEST AND NORTHWEST. 

WM. BE DELL District Passenger Agent • i I Montgomery St.. San Francisco. Cal 

J. M. GREAVES Traveling Passenger Agent St. Paul. Minn 

ALBERT GEERLINGS City Passenger Agent Milwaukee. Wis 

GEO.T. HULL Traveling Passenger Agent- • Denver. Col 

GEO. JENKINS Traveling Passenger Agent r^ »f'^'^'^^' i 

THOS. H. THORP Traveling Passenger Agent Des Moines, I a 

G. B. TEEDRICK Traveling Passenger Agent Kansas City, Mo 

CHAS. CON KLIN Northwestern Passenger Agent Kansas City, mo 

W. D. WETHERELL Special Passenger Agent St. Louis, mo 

J. VAN DUSEN Western Traveling Agent Chicago, III. 

CHAS. E. OWEN Western Passenger Agent Wichita, kan. 

FOR THE SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST. 

A. ANDERSON District Passenger Agent Louisville, Ky. 

G. L. A. THOMSON City Passenger Agent ^^^f!;L\^^4. n 

E. M. BRONSON Southeastern Passenger Agent « 'JTvL c.mJ i a' 

GEO. R. THOMPSON -Southern Passenger Agent "EW «jrleans> la 

CHAS. C. CURTICE -Southwestern Passenger Agent - . . . uallas. i ex 

R. H. LACEY Traveling Passenger Agent ._-- Nashville. ' enn 

F. E. STEVENSON Traveling Advertising Agent Chattanooga, i enn 

JOSEPH WOOD, E- A. FORD, 

gen- l Manager, G^ -- ^ Passenger Aqeni. 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



r^. 






^^:rc< A 




